tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-63440333360477230492024-02-07T14:35:49.901-08:00GEOGRAFI ALAM SEKITAR FIZIKAL STPMBLOG UNTUK MEMBANTU CALON-CALON STPM YANG MENGAMBIL SUBJEK GEOGRAFI ALAM SEKITAR FIZIKAL STPMAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.comBlogger34125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-61125571231166166162018-05-01T22:02:00.003-07:002018-05-01T22:04:29.476-07:00SOALAN RAMALAN PENGGAL 2 2018<br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bahagian</span></b></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _GoBack;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> A : ALAM SEKITAR FIZIKAL [40 markah]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _GoBack;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jawab soalcm 1 dan<b>
satu</b> soalan lain sama ada soalan 2 atau soalan 3.</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1
a) Terangkan konsep tekanan udara.<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>[3]</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tekanan udara adalah<i> berat udara</i><sup>lm</sup>
yang<i> menekan sesuatu ruang di permukaan bumi</i><sup>lm</sup>yang<i>
berkadar songsang dengan suhu<sup>]m</sup>.</i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(b) Huraikan dua daya
yang mempengaruhi tiupan angin.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>[4]</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bl Daya Koriolis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daya yang terhasil akibat putaran bumi di atas paksinya. Ianya
bertindak memesongkan pergerakan angin dunia.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b2 Daya Putaran Memusat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Merujuk pergerakan angin yang disebabkan pengruh siklon dan
antisiklon. Daya akan terhasil apabila angin yang bergerak secara berputar
menghasilkan daya tarikan kearah pusat putaran tersebut.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b3 Daya Geseran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Merujuk kepada angin yang bertiup bergeseran dengan permukaan
bumi. Kelajuan angin dipengaruhi oleh keadaan permukaan bumi yang gondol atau
berhalangan. Daya geseran bertentangan dengan pergerakan angin semakin banyak
daya geseran maka kelajuan angin akan berkurangan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 75.15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 131.15pt;" valign="top" width="175"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 437.4pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b4 Daya CerunTekanan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ianya terjadi akibat perbezaan Tekanan UdaraTinggi dan Tekanan
Udara Rendah. Daya ini terbentuk akibat suhu yang berbeza di sesetengah
kawasan sehingga menyebabkna angin bergerak dari kawasan tekanan tinggi ke
kawasan yang mengalami tekanan rendah.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(c) Jelaskan proses
pembentukkan Angin Monsun limur Laut.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>[4]</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berlaku semasa hemisfera
utara mengalami<i> musim sejuk iaitu dari bulan November hingga mac<sup>1M</sup>.
</i>Suhu yang sejuk ini menyebabkan kawasan utara seperti sekitar pedalaman
asia iaitu dataran tinggi Tibet, Siberia dan monggolia mengalami<i> tekanan
udara tinggi<sup>1M</sup></i>. Pada masa yang sama, kawasan sederhana<i>
Hemisfera selatan mengalami suhupanas<sup>1M</sup>.</i> Ini menyebabkan kawasan
ini seperti sekitar benua Australia dan lautannya mengalami<i> tekanan udara
rendah<sup>1M</sup>.</i> Perbezaan tekanan udara ini menyebabkan berlaku<i>
pergerakan angin dari kawasan bertekanan tinggi iaitu pedalaman Asia bergerak
ke kawasn bertekanan rendah iaitu ke benua Australia<sup>1M<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="bookmark1"><o:p></o:p></a></sup></i></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: bookmark1;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemarkahan : 4 isi x lm = 4m</span></b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(d) Huraikan dua kesan
angin monsun timur laut terhadap aktiviti manusia di kawasan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pinggir pantai.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>[4]</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesan Angin Monsun Timur Laut</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti Manusia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 97.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 131.15pt;" valign="top" width="175"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I. Hujan lebat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 97.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 339.25pt;" valign="top" width="452"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti pcrtanian terjcjas/terganggu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Angin Monsun Timur Laut yang bertiup ketika musim sejuk di
Hemisfera Utara menyebabkan kegiatan pertanian di negeri-negeri Pantai Timur
Semenanjung Malaysia terjejas kerana tanaman musnah ditenggelami air.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 96.15pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 96.15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 131.15pt;" valign="top" width="175"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Tiupan angina yang kencang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 96.15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 339.25pt;" valign="top" width="452"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti perikanan terjejas/terganggu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ketika tiupan Angin Monsun Timur Laut, kegiatan perikanan di
negeri-negeri Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia terganggu kerana ombak besar
dan laut bergelora menghalang nelayan turun ke laut untuk menangkap ikan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 53.5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 131.15pt;" valign="top" width="175"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 30.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -17.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Ombak besar/ Laut
bergelora</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 339.25pt;" valign="top" width="452"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti pelancongan terganggu/ tergendala di
kawasan pantai timur Semenanjung Malaysia. Angin kencang / laut bergelora /
ombak tinggi -berbahaya kepada pelancong.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 54.15pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 54.15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 131.15pt;" valign="top" width="175"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 30.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -17.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Ombak besar/Laut
bergelora</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 54.15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 339.25pt;" valign="top" width="452"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di kawasan pantai timur Semenanjung Malaysia - pengangkutan
pesisir pantai ( feri, bot pelancong ) tergendala . Angin kuat, laut
bergelora , ombak tinggi - berbahaya kepada bot kecil.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 53.95pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 131.15pt;" valign="top" width="175"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.Hujan berpanjangan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 339.25pt;" valign="top" width="452"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Industri Kecil dan Sederhana (lKS)Musim hujan
terganggu/ tergendala di kawasan pantai timur Semenanjung Malaysia - kur^ng
bahangan matahari. Contoh - dobi pakaian , menjemur ikan , pasii.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 41.55pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 131.15pt;" valign="top" width="175"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Hujan berpanjangan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 41.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 339.25pt;" valign="top" width="452"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 470.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti/ kerja-kerja pembinaan terganggu,
batu-bata lambat kering, kerja mengecat bangunan di bahagian luar terganggu -
ambil masa lebih lama - kos pengeluaran meningkat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="width: 640px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2 (a) Bagaimana</span></u></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> aktiviti manusia mempengaruhi mikro iklim
bandar.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.8pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.8pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 112.65pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 32.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AKTIVITI</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 159.35pt;" valign="top" width="212"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 60.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PROSES</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 164.55pt;" valign="top" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 51.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENGARUH</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 79.45pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 79.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.8pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a 1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 79.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 112.65pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti Penebangan Pokok</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 79.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 159.35pt;" valign="top" width="212"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Pokok ditebang untuk pembinaan bangunan dan infrastruktur
menyebabkan sejat-peluhan berkurangan dan peningkatan gas karbon dioksida.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 79.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 164.55pt;" valign="top" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 25.0pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelembapan berkurangan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 25.2pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Suhu meningkat- menggalakan kejadian pulau
haba</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.75pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tekanan rendah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.75pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan halaju angin</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 91.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 91.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.8pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a 2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 91.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 112.65pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti Pengangkutan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 91.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 159.35pt;" valign="top" width="212"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.4pt; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penjanaan Haba daripada kenderaan-pengunaan
bahan api fosil</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.1pt; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perlepasan asap bertoksik yang mempunyai gas
karbon monoksida - memerangkap haba</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 91.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 164.55pt;" valign="top" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 24.75pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan suhu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 25.0pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan hujan- pembentukan nukleus
higroskopik</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 24.75pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tekanan menjadi rendah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 25.0pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan halaju angin</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 161.85pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 161.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.8pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a 3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 161.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 112.65pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti Perindustrian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 161.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 159.35pt;" valign="top" width="212"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Perlepasan bahan-bahan pencemar dan gas-gas rumah hijau
karbon, sulfur dll-gas bersifat lutsinar kepada bahangan matahari dan legap
kepada bahanga bumi-haba akan diperangkap.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 161.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 164.55pt;" valign="top" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.75pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan suhu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.55pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan hujan- pembentukan nukleus
higroskopik</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.75pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tekanan menjadi rendah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 25.0pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan halaju angin</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.75pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jerebu- keamatan cahaya berkuranagn kerana
bandar dipenuhi dengan partikulat terampai seperti habuk,debu asap dan gas
beracun</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.55pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hujan as id</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 105.85pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 105.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.8pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a 4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 105.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 112.65pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti Pembinaan Bangunan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 105.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 159.35pt;" valign="top" width="212"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 18.85pt; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kawasan bandar menjadi kawasan tepu bina-
perangkap haba</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 18.85pt; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bangunan tinggi - menghalang aliran udara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 18.85pt; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">feds<b><i><span style="letter-spacing: -1.0pt;">
bahm</span></i></b> kookrit- menyerap dan menyimpan haba</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 105.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 164.55pt;" valign="top" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 24.75pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan suhu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 24.75pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembentukan pusaran angin dan kejadian badai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 104.3pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 104.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.8pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a 5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 104.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 112.65pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti pertambahan permukaan tidak telap
air dibandar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 104.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 159.35pt;" valign="top" width="212"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Aktiviti pembinaan jalan raya, medan letak kereta,lorong
pejalan kaki dengan bitumen dan aspalt- , menyerap haba pada waktu siang
dan melepaskan haba pada waktu malam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 104.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 164.55pt;" valign="top" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berkurangannya lembapan untuk disejat
Peningkatan suhu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 147.15pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 147.15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 43.8pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a6</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 147.15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 112.65pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti Penggunan CFC dan Pembakaran
terbuka oleh penduduk bandar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 147.15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 159.35pt;" valign="top" width="212"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 18.85pt; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan alat yang banyak membebaskan CFC
seperti alat penghawa dingin,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">aerosol, industry
foam seperti kusyen,tilam, dll akan menyebabkan lapisan ozon
menipis-sinaran uv akan meningkat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 18.85pt; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembakaran sampah sarap dan bahan buangan
penduduk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 147.15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 164.55pt;" valign="top" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 23.85pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lapisan ozon menipis menyebabkan sinaran uv
meningkat dan suhu akan meningkat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 480.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 23.65pt; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pelepasan asap dan gas-gas rumah hijau-suhu
akan meningkat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; page-break-after: avoid;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 119.6pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 119.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a 7</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 119.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.1pt;" valign="top" width="151"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti pembinaan taman dalam bandar atau
mewujudkan kawasan hijau</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 119.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 160.25pt;" valign="top" width="214"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 18.65pt; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menanam tumbuhan-
tumbuhan dikawasan bandar- akan meningkatan sejat- peluhan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: -.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tumbuhan boleh menyerap gas karbon yang
bertindak memerangkap haba</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 119.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 164.1pt;" valign="top" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan kelembapan udara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penurunan suhu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 78.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 78.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a 8</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 78.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.1pt;" valign="top" width="151"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti Pembinaan badan air</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 78.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 160.25pt;" valign="top" width="214"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Pembinaan kolam dan air pancut-akan
meningkatkan sejatan dan melembapkan udara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 78.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 164.1pt;" valign="top" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelembapan meningkat Suhu menjadi rendah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 223.0pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 223.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 41.55pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a 9</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 223.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.1pt;" valign="top" width="151"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti Penggunaan Pengangkutan Awam dan kenderaan yang mesra
alam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 223.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 160.25pt;" valign="top" width="214"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 19.75pt; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengunaan pengangkutan
awam mengurangkan jumlah kenderaan yang masuk kedalam bandar- mengurangkan
perlepasan gas karbon monoksida dan karbon dioksida</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 20.0pt; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan
pengangkutan awan atau kenderaan mesra alam mengurangkan penggunaan bahan api
fosil- mengurangkan perlepasan gas karbon monoksida, karbon dioksida dan
sulfur monoksida dll.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 223.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 164.1pt;" valign="top" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.95pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Merendahkan s</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: 15.9pt; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(b) Bincangkan kesan perubahan mikro iklim
bandar terhadap alam sekitar. [13]</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="width: 638px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bi : Kesan kepada Alam
sekitar fizikal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.35pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 37.7pt;" valign="top" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 206.3pt;" valign="top" width="275"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FAKTA</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 234.3pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HURAIAN</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.85pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 26.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 37.7pt;" valign="top" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bi 1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 26.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 206.3pt;" valign="top" width="275"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perubahan Suhu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 26.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 234.3pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Suhu meningkat- udara menjadi kering-cuaca
menjadi panas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 39.7pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 37.7pt;" valign="top" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bi 2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 206.3pt;" valign="top" width="275"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perubahan Hujan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 234.3pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Kekerapan hujan dikawasan bandar-bahan
pencemar akan menghasilkan banyak nukleus higroskopik yang membentuk
titisan hujan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 52.6pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 37.7pt;" valign="top" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bi 3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 206.3pt;" valign="top" width="275"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perubahan Tiupan angin</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 234.3pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Peningkatan suhu akan menyebabkan tekanan
kawasan bandar menjadi rendah- kawasan luar mempunyai tekanan tinggi- angin
akan menyerbu masuk dengan halaju tinggi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 66.8pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.8pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 37.7pt;" valign="top" width="50"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bi 4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.8pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 206.3pt;" valign="top" width="275"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gangguan kepada proses fotosintesis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 234.3pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 17.95pt; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pencemaran udara seperti habuk dan dan uakan
menutupi permukaan daun menyebabkan tumbesaran tumbuhan terbantut.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.25pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 18.2pt; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">suhu tinggi-sejatan akan meningkatan-kadar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 37.0pt;" valign="top" width="49"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 474.45pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 204.5pt;" valign="top" width="273"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 474.45pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 232.95pt;" valign="top" width="311"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 474.45pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kehilangan air tinggi-tumbuhan layu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 80.8pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 80.8pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 37.0pt;" valign="top" width="49"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 474.45pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bi 5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 80.8pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 204.5pt;" valign="top" width="273"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 474.45pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kehadiran Bahan Pencemar-hujan asid</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 80.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 232.95pt;" valign="top" width="311"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 474.45pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Kandungan udara yang
tercemar dengan dengan gas sulfur dan karbon akan menyebabkan pembentukan
hujan asid dan ini memberi kesan pula kepada ekosistem hutan, mengurangkan
kesuburan tanih dan menjejaskan hidupan akuatik.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="width: 636px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bii: Kesan kepada Alam
sekitar manusia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 205.85pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FAKTA</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 232.5pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 4.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HURAIAN</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 53.05pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bii 1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 205.85pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menjejaskan Kesihatan Penduduk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 232.5pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan suhu-
cuaca panas- menyebabkan penduduk akan kehilangan banyak air- menyebabkan
deman , dehidrasi dan stroke haba</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 92.75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 92.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bii 2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 92.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 205.85pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyakit Kulit dan Mata</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 92.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 232.5pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Suhu yang tinggi akan menyebabkan pendedahan
cahaya terutamanya Sinar Ultraviolet pada mata akan berlebihan dan
berpanjangan akan menyebabkan penyakit pada mata seperti kataraks
Pendedahan suhu yang tinggi-kulit menjadi kering dan boleh menyebabkan
kanser kulit.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 53.05pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bii 3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 205.85pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meningkatkan Kos Hidup</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 232.5pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan suhu-
keperluan pemasangan alat penghawa dingin. Peningkatan kos untuk memasang
alat penghawa dingin dan kos bii elektrik</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 53.05pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bii 4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 205.85pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengurangkan aktiviti riadah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 232.5pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cuaca panas -Aktiviti bersukan, riadah dan
bersiar-siar dikawasan bandar akan terganggu, penduduk lebih gemar berada
dalam rum ah.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 39.95pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bii 5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 205.85pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ketidakselesaan penduduk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 232.5pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keselesaan penduduk teijejas, badan cepat
berpeluh menjejaskan urusan dengan orang ramai, badan cepat letih dan lesu.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 41.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bii6</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 41.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 205.85pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti Perniagaan meningkat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 41.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 232.5pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 477.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perniagaan air, alat
penghawa dingin, kipas atau alat penyejuk akan meningkat bagi memenuhi
keperluan penduduk bandar.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: 13.6pt; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 24.15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemarkahan :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.7pt; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6 x 2m + lm (bagi calon yang ada kesan alam
sekitar fizikal dan alam sekitar manusia)=13m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• Calon yang memberikan
kesan fizikal sahaja atau kesan manusia sahaja maksimum 10 markah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: .25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 132.25pt;" valign="top" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 334.65pt;" valign="top" width="446"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 166.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Huraian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 52.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.9pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 132.25pt;" valign="top" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ai. Larian air
permukaan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.9pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 334.65pt;" valign="top" width="446"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Air hujan yang turun
sebahagiannya akan meresap ke dalam tanali dan selepas tanah dipenuhi air,
air hujan yang lain akan mengalir di atas permukaan bumi atau cerun.
(Kelebatan hujan melebihi kadar resapan tanah).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 78.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 78.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 132.25pt;" valign="top" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">aii.
Resapan/infiltrasi /susupan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 78.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 334.65pt;" valign="top" width="446"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pergerakan air hujan
yang berlaku secara menegak iaitu menerusi liang-liang pori tanah atau
menerusi ruang-ruang udara yang ada dalam tanah. Tanah pasir mempunyai kadar
ketelusan yang tinggi kerana liang pori batuannya besar dan banyak. Proses
ini membekalkan air tanih.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 65.75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 65.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 132.25pt;" valign="top" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">aiii. Aliran airbavvah
tanah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 65.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 334.65pt;" valign="top" width="446"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Air mengalir secara
perlahan melalui liang dalam batuan di bawah permukaan. la mengalir kerana
terdapat perbezaan tekanan dan kecerunan.Air dari bahagian atas zon tepu
mengalir menuruni cerun aras mata air dan akan sampai ke lurah dan meresap
keluar ke sungai, tasik atau pay a.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 118.35pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 118.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 132.25pt;" valign="top" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">aiv. Simpanan air
tanih</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 118.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 334.65pt;" valign="top" width="446"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Simpanan air tanih
adalah yang terkumpul di zon tepu dan zon tidak tepu. Air tanih di zon tepu
ialah air yang wujud di dalam semua rongga pori tanih yang terletak di bawah
lapisan tanih yang mana menyumbang kepada air perigi dan mata air. Manakala
air yang tersimpan di zon pengudaraan iaitu zon tidak tepu terletak
berhampiran di permukaan bumi. Air tanih ini tersimpan dalam tanih dan
dipengaruhi oleh tegangan, dan air tanih ini menentukan nilai kelembapan
tanih.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 78.8pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 78.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 132.25pt;" valign="top" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">av. Keporosan dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 78.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 334.65pt;" valign="top" width="446"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sifat sesuatu batuan
yang mempunyai liang atau ruang antara batuan yang boleh ditakungi oleh air
bawah tanah. Keporosan sesuatu tanah di pengaruhi oleh struktur susunan
partikel tanah, komposisi saiz partikel tanah, kandungan air di dalam tanah,
ciri-ciri batuan dan litupan tumbuh-tumbuhan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 53.2pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 132.25pt;" valign="top" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Avi. Ketelapan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 334.65pt;" valign="top" width="446"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bergantung kepada struktur dan tekstur tanih. Tanah yang
berstruktur longgar dan bertekstur kasar seperti batu pasir dan kerikil lebih
cepat menyerap air.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 66.25pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 132.25pt;" valign="top" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Avii. Akuifer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 334.65pt;" valign="top" width="446"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 528.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 466.9pt; mso-element-left: 6.05pt; mso-element-top: 21.85pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Akuifer ialah tempat
batuan untuk menakung air. Air akan meresap perlahan-lahan ke bawah tanah
melalui liang-liang batuan dan resapan akan terhenti apabila telah sampai ke
batuan tidak telap air. Akuifer juga merupakan tempat simpanan air bawah
tanah dan juga nadi untuk pergerakan air bawah tanah.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 11.15pt; mso-element-frame-width: 204.3pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: -.45pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="height: 15px; width: 272px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" height="15" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 11.15pt; mso-element-frame-width: 204.3pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: -.45pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3( a) Huraikan proses
edaran air tanih.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 11.15pt; mso-element-frame-width: 204.3pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: -.45pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<!--[if !supportTextWrap]--><br clear="ALL" />
<!--[endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-frame-height: 9.8pt; mso-element-frame-vspace: 12.55pt; mso-element-left: 403.75pt; mso-element-top: -.5pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame;">
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="height: 47px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" height="47" style="padding-bottom: 12.55pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 12.55pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-frame-height: 9.8pt; mso-element-frame-vspace: 12.55pt; mso-element-left: 403.75pt; mso-element-top: -.5pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;">[12]</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 104.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 25.7pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemarkahan : 6 isi
(proses) x 2m - mak 12m</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: 25.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">( b) Jelaskan bagaimana
aktiviti manusia mempemgaruhi simpanan air tanih. [13]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: 25.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.3pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 97.95pt;" valign="top" width="131"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 32.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.2pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 28.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cara/Proses</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.3pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 233.2pt;" valign="top" width="311"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 101.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 131.05pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 131.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 97.95pt;" valign="top" width="131"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bl Aktiviti Penyahhutanan / pembalakan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 131.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.2pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penebangan pokok/ pemusnahan pokok- ketiadaan
proses pintasan air hujan yang mengurangkan resapan dan kelajuan aliran permukaan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 131.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 233.2pt;" valign="top" width="311"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti penyahhutanan akan mengurangkan
pintasan ini, kesannya air hujan akan jatuh secara terus ke permukaan bumi.
Jatuhan air hujan secara terus dalam kuantiti yang banyak akan menyebabkan
air hujan tersebut cenderung untuk mengalir di atas permukaan dalam bentuk
aliran air permukaan. Ketiadaan akar banir mengurang keupayaan untuk
menghalang larian air permukaan Kesannya air tanih berkurangan kerana kurang
resapan air ke dalam tanah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 131.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 131.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 97.95pt;" valign="top" width="131"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b2 Aktiviti Penurapan / penyimenan permukaan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 131.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.2pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan tar dan simen menutupi liang pori
tanah untuk proses resapan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 131.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 233.2pt;" valign="top" width="311"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti penurapan atau penyimenan permukaan
khususnya di kawasan bandar akan menghalang resapan air ke dalam tanah.
Penggunaan tar atau simen akan menutup liang-liang pori tanah. Air hujan
tidak berupaya untuk meresap ke dalam tanah. Air hujan ini akan mengalir di
atas permukaan dalam bentuk larian air permukaan dan mengurangkan resapan ke
dalam tanah dan menyebabkan simpanan air tanih semakin berkurangan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 52.95pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 97.95pt;" valign="top" width="131"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b3 Aktiviti Pengangkutan dan perhubungan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.2pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanah paya dikeringkan/ ditebus guna/ di alir
keluar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 233.2pt;" valign="top" width="311"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembinaan sistem pengangkutan menyebabkan
banyak tanah paya yang ditebus guna. Ini akan mengurangkan simpanan air tanih
kerana air paya akan di alir keluar dan dikeringkan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 118.85pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 118.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 97.95pt;" valign="top" width="131"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b4 Aktiviti pertanian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 118.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.2pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembersihan tanah akan mendedahkan tanah
kepada bahangan - meningkatkan sejatan dan aliran permukaan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 118.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 233.2pt;" valign="top" width="311"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti pembersihan tanah untuk pertanian
(tebang dan bakar)akan mendedahkan permukaan tanah kepada bahangan matahari
dan menggalakkan proses sejatan. Selain itu akan mengurangkan resapan air
tanih dan menggalakkan air larian permukaan. Ini mengurangkan simpanan air
tanih. Pembinaan parit di kawasan pertanian juga akan mengurangkan simpanan
air tanih</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 91.6pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 91.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 97.95pt;" valign="top" width="131"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b5 Aktiviti Petempatan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 91.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.2pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembersihan tanah akan mendedahkan tanah
kepada bahangan - meningkatkan sejatan dan aliran permukaan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 91.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 233.2pt;" valign="top" width="311"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti pembersihan tanah untuk pembinaan
rumah petempatan (tebang dan bakar) menggalakkan proses sejatan yang akan
mengurangkan simpanan air tanih. Air larian permukaan meningkat dan resapan
semakin berkurangan kerana banyak kawasan yang telah diturap dengan simen dan
tar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 131.8pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 131.8pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 97.95pt;" valign="top" width="131"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b6 Aktiviti pembinaan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 131.8pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.2pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembersihan tanah akan mendedahkan tanah
kepada bahangan - meningkatkan sejatan dan aliran permukaan kerana
keija-kerja penurapan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 131.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 233.2pt;" valign="top" width="311"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 442.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti pembinaan akan mengurangkan simpanan
air tanih. Kerja- kerja pembersihan (tebang dan bakar) akan menggalakkan
sejatan air tanih dan mengurangkan resapan air tanih. Keija-kerja penurapan
simen juga akan mengurangkan resapan air tanih dan menggalakkan air larian
permukaan. Simpanan air tanih akan berkurangan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 79.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 79.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 97.3pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.7pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b7 Aktiviti harian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 79.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 110.6pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.7pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktiviti menggali telaga dan boreng</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 79.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 233.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.7pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan air yang berlebihan untuk aktiviti
harian (membasuh, mandi dll) akan mengurangkan simpanan air tanih. Kegiatan
menggali perigi dan pengepaman air melalui boring menyebabkan air bawah tanah
menyusut-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 188.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.7pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 119.15pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 119.15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 97.3pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.7pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b8 Aktiviti penanaman semula pokok/
Penghutanan semula</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 119.15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 110.6pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.7pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meningkatkan pintasan air hujan melalui kanopi
dan memperlahankan aliran permukaan menggunakan akar banir- menggalakkan
resapan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 119.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 233.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.7pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penanaman semula pokok/ penghutanan semula
akan meningkatkan simpanan air tanih. Ini kerana lapisan kanopi tumbuhan (
daun, dahan dan ranting) menjadi pintasan titisan air hujan yang jatuh ke
permukaan bumi. Akar banir pokok juga dapat memperlahankan air larian
permukaan. Proses ini akan menggalakkan resapan air ke dalam tanih dan
meningkatkan simpanan air tanih.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.7pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="width: 589px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.7pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.7pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemarkahan : mana-mana 4 isi x 3m + kesimpulan
= mak 13m</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<!--[if !supportTextWrap]--><br clear="ALL" />
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="width: 629px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .45pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">4 a) Huraikan satu aspek saling kebergantungan dalam konteks
kerjasama serantau di</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 408.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">kawasan Asia Pasiflk<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>[3]</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 30.0pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 101.2pt;" valign="top" width="135"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aspek Saling Kebergantungan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 242.9pt;" valign="top" width="324"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 100.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Huraian</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 30.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 128.1pt;" valign="top" width="171"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 86.35pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 86.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 101.2pt;" valign="top" width="135"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ai.Pelaburan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 86.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 242.9pt;" valign="top" width="324"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Negara yang tidak
cukup modal seperti negara membangun terpaksa bergantung kepada negara maju
yang mempunyai banyak modal untuk menggerakkan pertumbuhan ekonomi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 86.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 128.1pt;" valign="top" width="171"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Negara USA telah
membuat pelaburan di Malaysia dalam bidang eksploitasi sumber alam spt
minyak, gas,hutan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 57.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 57.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 101.2pt;" valign="top" width="135"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">aii.Teknologi</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 57.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 242.9pt;" valign="top" width="324"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Pemindahan teknologi
dan kepakaran dari negara maju ke negara mundur / sedang membangun</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 57.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 128.1pt;" valign="top" width="171"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Singapura
memindahkan teknologinya ke Riau, Johor dll</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 71.75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 101.2pt;" valign="top" width="135"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">aiii.Pasaran</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 242.9pt;" valign="top" width="324"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Sesebuah negara itu
boleh memperluaskan pasaran barangan dan perkhidmatan ke negara lain</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 71.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 128.1pt;" valign="top" width="171"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Barangan dari
Singapura dan Malaysia dipasarkan ke Indonesia dan Malaysia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 86.35pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 86.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 101.2pt;" valign="top" width="135"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">aiv.Bekalan Buruh</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 86.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 242.9pt;" valign="top" width="324"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Kekurangan buruh
sesebuah negara boleh ditampung oleh negara lain yang berlebihan buruh.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 86.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 128.1pt;" valign="top" width="171"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Malaysia amat
bergantung kepada buruh-buruh Indonesia dalam sektor perladangan dan
pembinaan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 73.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 73.55pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 101.2pt;" valign="top" width="135"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">av.Bahan Mentah & Sumber Tenaga</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 73.55pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 242.9pt;" valign="top" width="324"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Negara yang tidak
mempunyai bekalan bahan mentah dan sumber tenaga yang cukup tidak boleh menggerakkan
sektor industrinya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 73.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 128.1pt;" valign="top" width="171"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Malaysia
bergantungkepada Thailand untuk mendapat bekalan beras</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="width: 629px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 472.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">*Pilih satu aspek
SAHAJA</span></div>
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</tbody></table>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: 24.9pt; margin-left: 1.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">b) Bagaimanakah Malaysia
mendapat faedah daripada pakatan ekonomi serantau [6]</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Fakta</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 227.3pt;" valign="top" width="303"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 80.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cara/Kaedah</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 124.8pt;" valign="top" width="166"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Contoh/Kesan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 39.95pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">bi.Mengurangkan Monopoli Pasaran</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 227.3pt;" valign="top" width="303"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pakatan ekonomi
serantau dapat mengurangkan monopoli pasaran oleh negara- negara kaya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 124.8pt;" valign="top" width="166"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Penguasaan pasaran oleh negara Amerika dapat
dikurangkan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 52.35pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">bii.Mengelakkan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Monopoli</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Kewangan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 227.3pt;" valign="top" width="303"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Monopoli negara-negara
kaya dalam sektor kewangan dapat dikawal.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 124.8pt;" valign="top" width="166"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Negara pakatan akan
berkongsi sektor kewangan sesama sendiri</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 39.95pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">biii.Mengurangkan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Kebergantungan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Modal</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 227.3pt;" valign="top" width="303"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Caranya melalui galakan dalam kalangan negara
anggota melabur kedalam negara anggota yang lain</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 124.8pt;" valign="top" width="166"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pelaburan dalam negara- negara ASEAN</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 53.25pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Biv. Mengurangkan
Dominasi Teknologi dan Kepakaran Asing</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 227.3pt;" valign="top" width="303"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Negara anggota yang
mempunyai teknologi dan kepakaran yang tinggi perlu berkongsi teknologi den
kepakaran dengan negara anggota yang lain.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 124.8pt;" valign="top" width="166"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Teknologi perindustrian, pertanian,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">perlombongan dll.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 39.7pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">bv.Menjaga</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Kepentingan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Bersama</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 227.3pt;" valign="top" width="303"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Dibuat melalui perjanjian / MOU dalam kalangan
negara anggota</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 124.8pt;" valign="top" width="166"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Penjagaan Selat Melaka , Penjagaan Pencemaran
merentasi sempadan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 53.05pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">bvi.Meningkatkan Daya Saing Dengan Negara Maju</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 227.3pt;" valign="top" width="303"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Barangan yang
dihasilkan oleh negara pakatan perlu mempunyai kualiti yang tinggi supaya
mampu bersaing dengan barangan yang dihasilkan oleh negara maju</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.05pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 124.8pt;" valign="top" width="166"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Barangan elektrik,
elektronik dll</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 52.8pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">bvii.Mengurangkan Kos Pengeluaran</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 227.3pt;" valign="top" width="303"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Melalui mendapatkan
bahan-bahan mentah dari negara-negara anggota serta mengurangkan cukai keatas
bahan mentah yang di import dari negara anggota</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 124.8pt;" valign="top" width="166"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Bahan Mentah
Pertanian, perlombongan, perikanan dll</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 39.95pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">bviii.Pengkongsian Tenaga Buruh</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 227.3pt;" valign="top" width="303"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Caranya, negara yang
mempunyai lebihan tenaga buruh akan mengeksport tenaga buruh ke negara yang
kekurangan tenaga buruh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 124.8pt;" valign="top" width="166"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Lebihan tenaga buruh
dari Indonesia dihantar ke Singapura, Malaysia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 53.95pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.95pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 108.8pt;" valign="top" width="145"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">bix.Pengkongsian Bahan Mentah</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.95pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 227.3pt;" valign="top" width="303"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Bahan mentah yang
didapati di sesetengah negara anggota akan dieksport ke negara anggota yang
lain</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 124.8pt;" valign="top" width="166"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 460.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Bahan Mentah
Pertanian, perlombongan, perikanan dll</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 100.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 36.75pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">PEMARKAHAN = 2 ISI X 3
MARKAH</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.55pt; margin-bottom: 9.3pt; margin-left: 14.0pt; margin-right: 16.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 425.8pt; text-indent: -13.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">c) Jelaskan tiga masalah yang dihadapi oleh negara ASEAN dalam
menjayakan kerjasama ekonomi serantau<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>[6]</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 40.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 40.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 102.45pt;" valign="top" width="137"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">ci.Persaingan sesama negara pengeluar</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 40.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 224.8pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sikap sesetengah
negara anggota yang mementingkan negara sendiri berbanding dengan kepentingan
negara anggota</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 40.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 123.9pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 39.5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 102.45pt;" valign="top" width="137"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">cii. Dasar Unilateral</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 224.8pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sesetengah negara
anggota ASEAN masih mengamalkan perdangan 'unilateral' iaitu tidak bergantung
kepada negara lain</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 123.9pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Myanmar masih lagi
menjalankan dasar tutup pintunya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 39.95pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 102.45pt;" valign="top" width="137"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">ciii. Kuasa Beli</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 224.8pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pasaran dalam negara
ASEAN masih rendah kerana faktor kemiskinan dan pendapatan yang rendah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 123.9pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Myammar, Loas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.85pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 26.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 102.45pt;" valign="top" width="137"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">civ.Penurunan Nilai
Matawang</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 26.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 224.8pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Menyebabkan sistem
ekonomi negara terlibat akan terjejas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 26.85pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 123.9pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Krisis matawang
/kegawatan ekonomi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 40.4pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 40.4pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 102.45pt;" valign="top" width="137"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">cv.Masalah Politik
Dalaman</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 40.4pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 224.8pt;" valign="top" width="300"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wujud ketidakstbilan
politik serantau menyebabkan iklim pelaburan menjadi tidak sihat.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 40.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 123.9pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 451.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Selatan Thai dan
Selatan Filipina</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: .25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">al</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 427.95pt;" valign="top" width="571"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Lembah Kelang (Shah
Alam, Petaling jaya, Kelang ),</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.2pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">a2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 427.95pt;" valign="top" width="571"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Luar Lembah kelang
(Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang Teluk Panglima garang, Rawang )</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.0pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">a3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 427.95pt;" valign="top" width="571"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Bayan Lepas, Perai,
Mak Mandin (Pulau Pinang )</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.2pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">a4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 427.95pt;" valign="top" width="571"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sungai Petani, Mergong
dan Kulim (Kedah)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.0pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">a5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 427.95pt;" valign="top" width="571"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Lembah Kinta,
Kemunting dan Tanjung Mating,Perak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.0pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">a6</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 427.95pt;" valign="top" width="571"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Paka - Kerteh
(Terengganu)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.2pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">a7</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 427.95pt;" valign="top" width="571"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Gebeng, Semambu dan
Bentong (Pahang)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.2pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">a8</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 427.95pt;" valign="top" width="571"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pasir Gudang, Larkin,
Tampoi dan Batu Pahat (Johor)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.2pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">a9</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 427.95pt;" valign="top" width="571"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Senawang (Negeri
Sembilan)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.0pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">alO</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 427.95pt;" valign="top" width="571"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Air Keroh (Melaka)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.2pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.0pt;">all</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 427.95pt;" valign="top" width="571"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Bintulu (Sarawak)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.0pt;">al2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 427.95pt;" valign="top" width="571"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 171.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 457.05pt; mso-element-left: 13.8pt; mso-element-top: 22.4pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Likas, Kok Kawi dan
Kota Kinabalu (Sabah)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 11.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 315.1pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: -.15pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="height: 15px; width: 420px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" height="15" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 11.55pt; mso-element-frame-width: 315.1pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: -.15pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">5 a) Nyatakan LIMA lokasi industri perkilangan
di Malaysia.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 11.15pt; mso-element-frame-width: 11.05pt; mso-element-left: 435.85pt; mso-element-top: 1.2pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="height: 15px; width: 15px;" vspace="0">
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<tr>
<td align="left" height="15" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 11.15pt; mso-element-frame-width: 11.05pt; mso-element-left: 435.85pt; mso-element-top: 1.2pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">[5]</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="width: 619px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">b) Jelaskan faktor-faktor
yang mempengaruhi aglomerasi industri di Malaysia [10]</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.9pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.9pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 152.6pt;" valign="top" width="203"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Fakta</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.9pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 288.0pt;" valign="top" width="384"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 126.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">huraian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 78.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 78.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">bl</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 78.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 152.6pt;" valign="top" width="203"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Dasar Kerajaan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 78.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 288.0pt;" valign="top" width="384"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Dasar kerajaan yang
menyediakan kawasan/tapak khas untuk industri diletakkan secara berkelompok
seperti di FTZ yang dilengkapi dengan utiliti, pengangkutan dan sebagainya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Oleh itu industri
-industri akan tertarik dan tertumpu di kawasan berkenaan kerana tidak
perlu lagi menyediakan kemudahan-kemudahan tersebut.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 66.35pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">b2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 152.6pt;" valign="top" width="203"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Menyeimbangkan
pembangunan kawasan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.35pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 288.0pt;" valign="top" width="384"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Menyeimbangkan
pembangunan antara kawasan ekonomi maju dengan kawasan membangun dan
mempelbagaikan ekonomi sesuatu kawasan yang selama ini banyak bergantung
kepada ekonomi ekstraktif.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 28.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.65pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 23.45pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">b3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.65pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 152.6pt;" valign="top" width="203"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pengezonan semula
guna tanah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 288.0pt;" valign="top" width="384"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 464.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pengezonan semula
guna tanah khususnya di bandar yang sudah padat dan tepu bina</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 53.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 25.25pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">B4</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 152.3pt;" valign="top" width="203"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.05pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">PerkongsianTeknologi
dan Kepakaran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 53.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 291.75pt;" valign="top" width="389"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Memperolehi keuntungan
daripada perkongsian kepakaran dan teknologi. Bagi sesetengah industri
berkemungkinan memerlukan kepakaran dan teknologi yang sama.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 145.7pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 145.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 25.25pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">b5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 145.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 152.3pt;" valign="top" width="203"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Penjimatan kos</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 145.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 291.75pt;" valign="top" width="389"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Menjimatkan kos. Kos
untuk menyediakan kemudahan infrastruktur dan utiliti akan menjadi lebih
rendah kerana pengelompokan pelbagai jenis industri di kawasan yang sama.
Misalnya industri pembuatan kereta diletakkan berdekatan dengan industri
pembuatan tayar dan industri pembuatan cat, aksesori dan alat ganti. Kos
pengangkutan (bahan mentah dan produk) juga dapat dijimatkan dengan
pengelompokan industri. Kos pengeluaran adalah berkadar langsung dengan jarak
yang boleh mempengaruhi perletakan industri samada berkelompok atau
berselerak.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 106.15pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 106.15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 25.25pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">b6</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 106.15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 152.3pt;" valign="top" width="203"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pasaran dan buruh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 106.15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 291.75pt;" valign="top" width="389"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pasaran dan buruh.
Kawasan yang mempunyai jumlah penduduk yang ramai akan menawarkan tenaga
buruh yang mudah dan pasaran yang luas. Di Bandar besar juga mudah untuk
memperolehi tenaga buruh yang mahir dan terlatih misalnya di UM, UKM, UPM,
kolej, Institut kemahiran dsb. Pasaran lebih luas kerana saiz pasaran yang
luas dan kuasa beli yang tinggi.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 79.45pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 79.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 25.25pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">b7</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 79.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 152.3pt;" valign="top" width="203"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Memperoleh keuntungan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">perkongsian/kesan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">pengganda</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 79.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 291.75pt;" valign="top" width="389"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Untuk memperolehi
keuntungan daripada perkongsian kemudahan asas seperti gudang penyimpanan (storage),
tempat pelupusan/rawatan sisa, perkongsian kemudahan perkhidmatan seperti
banking, komunikasi, pengangkutm, insurans dsb</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 82.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 82.9pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 25.25pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">b8</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 82.9pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 152.3pt;" valign="top" width="203"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pelepasan Tarif</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 82.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 291.75pt;" valign="top" width="389"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 469.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Memperolehi pelepasan
tariff tertentu. Kawasan pengelompokan industri biasanya dijadikan kawasan
bebas cukai, justeru industri-industri akan tertarik untuk berkelompok bagi
memperolehi faedah pelepasan cukai seperti pemberian taraf perintis dan
kemudahan-kemudahan fizikal yang lain.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.0pt; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20.1pt; margin-bottom: 2.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 15.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 445.4pt; text-indent: -14.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">c) Huraikan langkah-langkah pembangunan lestari dalam sektor
industri perkilangan di Malaysia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>[10]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20.1pt; margin-bottom: 2.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 15.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 445.4pt; text-indent: -14.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 152.6pt;" valign="top" width="203"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 56.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">FAKTA</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 296.6pt;" valign="top" width="395"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 121.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">HURAIAN</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 66.15pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">cl</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 152.6pt;" valign="top" width="203"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Langkah penguatkuasaan
undang-undang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.15pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 296.6pt;" valign="top" width="395"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Langkah-langkah
penguatkuasaan yang lebih ketat kepada mana-mana pengusaha atau syarikat yang
mencemarkan alam sekitar seperti kes pembuangan sisa toksik, mencemarkan
sungai, mencemar udara, tanah dsb.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 92.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 92.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">c2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 92.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 152.6pt;" valign="top" width="203"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mengenakan denda</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 92.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 296.6pt;" valign="top" width="395"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Hukuman dan denda
maksimum turut dikenakan kepada pesalah alam sekitar seperti mana yang
diperuntukkan dalam Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 1974. Selain itu, tindakan
menggantung, menarik balik lesen operasi, menyita syarikat yang membuang sisa
efluen kilang tidak mengikut standard.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 29.1pt;" valign="top" width="39"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 152.6pt;" valign="top" width="203"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 296.6pt;" valign="top" width="395"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 478.3pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 86%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 7.48%;" valign="top" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">c3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 31.46%;" valign="top" width="31%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemantauan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 61.06%;" valign="top" width="61%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Langkah-langkah
pemantauan, kawalan, penyeljaan yanglebih kerap dan tegas haruslah dilakukan
oleh Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) berdasarkan Standard Kualiti yang ditetapkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 7.48%;" valign="top" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">c3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 31.46%;" valign="top" width="31%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Laporan ETA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 61.06%;" valign="top" width="61%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mewajibkan laporan EI
A kepada pengurusan kilang dari masa ke semasa dan berterusan kepada
pihak-pihak yang berwajib bagi menjamin industrinya sentiasa mesra alam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 7.48%;" valign="top" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">C4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 31.46%;" valign="top" width="31%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Menguruskan Bahan
Pencemar Udara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 61.06%;" valign="top" width="61%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Industri yang
melepaskan asap pencemar melebihi standard kualiti yang dibenarkan oleh Akta
Kualiti Alam Sekitar diwajibkan menggunakan kaedah sebelum bahan-bahan
pencemar tersebut dilepaskan ke udara contohnya system penapis di dalam
serombong asap agar kosentrasi bahan pencemar boleh terserak dan tidak
terkumpul di dalam atmosfera setempat, tidak membuat pembakaran terbuka
seperti habuk kayu dalam industri pemprosesan kayu balak atau sekam padi.
Bahan-bahan tersebut boleh dikitar semula, dijadikan bahan mentah untuk IKS,
atau dibiar reput sebagai baja kompos<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 7.48%;" valign="top" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">C5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 31.46%;" valign="top" width="31%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.3pt; margin-bottom: 105.0pt; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Peralihan Kepada
Teknologi Industri Yang Mesra Alam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 61.06%;" valign="top" width="61%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Beralih kepada
industri yang mesra alam dan tidak mencemarkan alam sekitar terutamanya dalam
konteks penggunaan tenaga, contohnya, kebergantungan kepada bahan api fosil
seperti petroleum perlu diminimakan dan lebih banyak bergantung kepada tenaga
alternatif yang murah dan bersih seperti menggunakan tenaga hidroelektrik,
gas asli (NGV), tenaga solar.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Selain itu, industri
pencucian dan pelarut dilarang menggunakan bahan yang mengandungi CFC, perlu
menggantikan dengan bahan yang lebih bersih dan mesra alam seperti
menggunakan air. Selain itu, industri pencucian dan pelarut dilarang
menggunakan bahan yang mengandungi CFC, perlu menggantikan dengan bahan yang
lebih bersih dan mesra alam seperti menggunakan air.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 38.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 38.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 7.48%;" valign="top" width="7%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">C6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 38.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 31.46%;" valign="top" width="31%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kempen dan Pendidikan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 38.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.75pt; width: 61.06%;" valign="top" width="61%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kempen-kempen
kesedaran dilaksanakan kepada pengusaha dan kakitangan sektor industri yang
menjadi masyarakat industri tentang pentingnya menguruskan alam sekitar
dengan bijak dan cekap. Kempen boleh dilakukan dengan pelbagai cara seperti
projek penghijauan persekitaran industri, membersih dan menjaga sungai
melalui aktiviti amal dan sosial, mengadakan peraduan, pertandingan yang
mesra alam dsb.Kempen juga boleh dilakukan oleh media cetak dan elektronik,
bengkel pemahaman dan penghayatan alam sekitar. dsb yang relevan. Pendidikan
mengenai kesedaran alam sekitar perlu diterapkan di peringkat kanak-kanak
sehingga dewasa melalui mata pelajaran yang diajar di sekolah seperti mata
pelajaran geografi, sains, kajian tempatan dll. Sementara di universiti turut
ditawarkan kursus -kursus yang berkaitan <u>dengan alam sekitar.</u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: 5.45pt; margin-left: 4.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 415.85pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a) Jelaskan konsep
globalisasi ekonomi<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>[3]</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.5pt; margin-bottom: 23.1pt; margin-left: 15.0pt; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Globalisasi Ekonomi
bermaksud saling kebergantungan antara negara pada * bahan,modal,buruh,pasaran
dan teknologi dalam proses pengeluaran.Sesebuah negara perlu menjalinkan
hubungan antara satu sama lain untuk kepentingan tersebut melalui teknologi
maklumat. Hubungan ini telah mewujudkandunia tanpa sempadan, liberalisasi
ekonomi dan penghapusan segala sekatan dan perlindungan ekonomi yang diamalkan
oleh sesebuah Negara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="width: 589px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 394.2pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b) Huraikan sebab
perlunya kerjasama antara kawasan bagi menjayakan globalisasi ekonomi<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>[9]</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
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<tbody>
<tr style="height: 72.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 72.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.3pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kecekapan ekonomi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terdapat negara yang mempunyai kecekapan dan
menghasil sesuatu barangan berbanding dengan negara lain.Contoh Thailand
lebih cekap menghasil beras berbanding dengan Malaysia maka Malaysia
mengimport beras dari negara tersebut berbanding mengusahakan penanaman
padi.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 86.55pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 86.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.3pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daya saing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 86.55pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 330.6pt;" valign="top" width="441"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesanggupan sesebuah negara dalam menghadapi
persaingan dari negara-negara lain. Keijasama antara kawasan membolehkan
sesebuah negara menghasilkan cipta barangan atau keluaran yang baik
berbanding dengan negara pengeluar yang lain.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 100.75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 100.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.3pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengkhususan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 100.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 330.6pt;" valign="top" width="441"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setiap negara tidak dapat menghasilkan semua
barangan yang diperlukan. Contohnya, negara maju memerlukan getah asli.
Mereka terpaksa mengimport barang tersebut dari Asia Tenggara (Malaysia,
Thai dan Indonesia)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebaliknya Asia Tenggara belum dapat
mengeluarkan hasil industri moden (mesin2 industri) perlu import dari
negara2 maju.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 117.6pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 117.6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.3pt;" valign="top" width="148"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyertaan dalam ekonomi dunia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 117.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 330.6pt;" valign="top" width="441"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam sistem ekonomi global, tiada sesebuah
negara mempunyai ekonomi yang lengkap.Oleh itu, setiap negara perlu
terlibat dalam ekonomi dunia dan tidak boleh secara sendirian dalam aspek
pembangunan negara.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.9pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-Kekurangan dalam sesebuah negara akan
ditampung oleh kelebihan yang ada pada negara tersebut.Contohnya: Malaysia
menyertai semua pertubuhan dengan negara luar, antaranya seperti ASEAN,
APEC, OIC dll.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tbody>
<tr style="height: 115.95pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 115.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.7pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: 18.0pt; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Kcsan<i><span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> Potitif</span></i></span></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 18.0pt; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">i- Mengurangkan
Sekatan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 115.95pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 328.25pt;" valign="top" width="438"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Perdagangan Bebas yang
dibavva oleh globalisasi ekonomi meraberi peluang kepada sesebuah negara
membangun menyertai perdagangan antara bangsa tanpa tarif dan kuota.Negara-negara
bebas mengimport dan mengeksport barangan tanpa banyak sekatan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 85.75pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 85.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.7pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">ii. Perluasan Pasaran</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 85.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 328.25pt;" valign="top" width="438"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Perluasan Pasaran
berlaku di bawah perdagangan bebas.Lebih banyak negara mengambil bahagian
atau membuka pasaran mereka kepada dunia maju dan membangun.Contoh di Asia
Tenggara, barangan sesama negara ASEAN boleh memasuki pasaran negara-negara
ASEAN dengan lebih mudah. Kesan perluasan pasaran ini dinikmati secara
bersama.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 100.6pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 100.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.7pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">iii. Pemindahan
Teknologi</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 100.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 328.25pt;" valign="top" width="438"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Pemindahan Teknologi
berlaku dari negara lebih maju seperti Jepun Jerman dll ke nagara membangun
seperti Malaysia. Rakyat tempatanmenerima pakai teknologi dari negara maju
melalui latihan lanjutan, dalamasa yang sama ia sedang mencipta teknologinya
sendiri melalui penyelidikan dan pembangunan (R&D</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 129.7pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 129.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.7pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">iv. Aliran Buruh</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 129.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 328.25pt;" valign="top" width="438"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Aliran Buruh menjadi
semakin mudah dan berleluasa.Ramai penduduk dari negara membangun yang miskin
dan padat penduduk mengalir ke negara lebih maju yang kurang
penduduk.Kemudahan pengangkutan dan teknologi maklumat membolehkan aliran
buruh berlaku dengan mudah seperti penduduk dari Asia ke negara-negara Eropah
dan Amerika Syarikat. Aliran buruh antarabangsa ini memberi faedah kepada
kedua-dua pihak.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 84.7pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 84.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.7pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">v.Menggalakkan
Persaingan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 84.7pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 328.25pt;" valign="top" width="438"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Menggalakkan
Persaingan antara negara-negara di dunia. Mereka berlumba-lumba menghasilkan
barangan dan perkhidmatan terbaik untuk dipasarkan di peringkat global
.Negara yang berjaya mengurangkan kos pengluaran barangan akan berjaya dalam
persaingan ini.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 129.2pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 129.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.7pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">vi. Peningkatan
Kualiti Produk</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 129.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 328.25pt;" valign="top" width="438"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Peningkatan Kualiti
Produk juga berlaku melalui persaingan supaya barangannya menang dan mendapat
tempat di pasaran global.Barangan berkualiti dan berharga rendah lebih
mendapa tempat. Kualiti dapat dipertingkatkan melalui pemetiditeDudaj
pembangunan produk, teknologi dan proses pengeluaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
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<tr style="height: 32.3pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 32.3pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 111.7pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Kesan Neaatif</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 32.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 328.25pt;" valign="top" width="438"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 244.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 678.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 439.95pt; mso-element-left: .05pt; mso-element-top: 36.55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
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</tbody></table>
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<tbody>
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<td align="left" height="14" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 10.25pt; mso-element-frame-width: 102.2pt; mso-element-left: 8.5pt; mso-element-top: -.15pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;">c) Bincangkan kesan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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</tbody></table>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" height="16" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 12.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 225.55pt; mso-element-left: 114.95pt; mso-element-top: .55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;">globalisasi ekonomi
terhadap negara Malaysia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 12.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 225.55pt; mso-element-left: 114.95pt; mso-element-top: .55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-height: 12.2pt; mso-element-frame-width: 225.55pt; mso-element-left: 114.95pt; mso-element-top: .55pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</tbody></table>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 1.0pt;">nmnm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-frame-height: 11.1pt; mso-element-frame-vspace: 21.7pt; mso-element-left: 412.65pt; mso-element-top: 3.75pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame;">
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="height: 73px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" height="73" style="padding-bottom: 21.7pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 21.7pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-frame-height: 11.1pt; mso-element-frame-vspace: 21.7pt; mso-element-left: 412.65pt; mso-element-top: 3.75pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="width: 588px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" style="padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 441.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PEMARKAHAN = 2 ISI X 2 MARKAH + 1M = 13M</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<!--[if !supportTextWrap]--><br clear="ALL" />
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<br />
<table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: -7.4pt;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 87.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 87.1pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 110.6pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -7.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KESAN POSITIF<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -7.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i.Penguasaan Ekonomi Oleh Syarikat Multinasional (MNC)</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 87.1pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 330.45pt;" valign="top" width="441"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -7.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Syarikat tersebut boleh menguasai dan
mengatasi kuasa sesebuah negara. Hal ini banyak berlaku kepada negara
membangun yang amat bergantung kepada pelabur asing dari negara membangun.
Contohnya : IBM, Shell, Coco-cola dsbnya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 301.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -7.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 4.0pt;">4</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 4.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 114.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 114.9pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 110.6pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -7.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ii.Ancaman kepada barangan, perkhidmatan dan budaya tempatan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 114.9pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 330.45pt;" valign="top" width="441"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -7.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Ancaman kepada barangan, perkhidmatan dan
budaya tempatan ,terutama negara membangun yang masih mempunyai kualiti
barangan dan perkhidmatan yang rendah.Negara maju pula dapat menarik
pelanggan di negara membangun kerana kualiti barangan dan perkhidmatannya
jauh lebih baik.Ancaman juga berlaku kepada pengusaha kecil dan sederhana
penduduk tempatan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 112.4pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 112.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 110.6pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.45pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -7.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iii. Kesukaran mengawal aliran modal asing</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 112.4pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 330.45pt;" valign="top" width="441"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -7.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Kesukaran mengawal aliran modal asing kerana
globalisasi telah membebaskan keluar masuk modal ke sesebuah negara terutama
negara membagun. Kebergantungan yang tinggi terhadap ne gara maju telah
mengikat negara maju untuk terus kekal melabur walaupun pada masa negara
membangun tidak memerlukannya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 100.2pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 100.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 110.6pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.45pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -7.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iv.Penghakisan kedaulatan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 100.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 330.45pt;" valign="top" width="441"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -7.4pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Penghakisan kedaulatan negara terutama bagi negara
yang tidak stabil dari ekonomi, sosial dan politik.Negara berkenaan mudah
dikuasai oleh kuasa-kuasa barat melaui syarikat-syarikat multinasional yang
berpangkalan di negara maju.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 87.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 87.1pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 439.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i.Penguasaan Ekonomi Oleh Syarikat
Multinasional</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 439.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(MNC)</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 87.1pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 329.3pt;" valign="top" width="439"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 439.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Syarikat tersebut
boleh menguasai dan mengatasi kuasa sesebuah negara. Hal ini banyak berlaku
kepada negara membangun yang amat bergantung kepada pelabur asing dari negara
membangun. Contohnya : IBM, Shell, Coco-cola dsbnya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 114.9pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 114.9pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 439.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ii.Ancaman kepada barangan, perkhidmatan dan
budaya tempatan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 114.9pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 329.3pt;" valign="top" width="439"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 439.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Ancaman kepada
barangan, perkhidmatan dan budaya tempatan ,terutama negara membangun yang
masih mempunyai kualiti barangan dan perkhidmatan yang rendah.Negara maju
pula dapat menarik pelanggan di negara membangun kerana kualiti barangan dan
perkhidmatannya jauh lebih baik.Ancaman juga berlaku kepada pengusaha kecil
dan sederhana penduduk tempatan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 111.7pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iii. Kesukaran mengawal aliran modal asing</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Kesukaran mengawal
aliran modal asing kerana globalisasi telah membebaskan keluar masuk modal ke
sesebuah negara terutama negara membagun. Kebergantungan yang tinggi terhadap
ne gara maju telah mengikat negara maju untuk terus kekal melabur walaupun
pada masa negara membangun tidak memerlukannya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 100.2pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 100.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.45pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 439.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iv.Penghakisan kedaulatan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 100.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 329.3pt;" valign="top" width="439"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-width: 439.2pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Penghakisan kedaulatan
negara terutama bagi negara yang tidak stabil dari ekonomi, sosial dan
politik.Negara berkenaan mudah dikuasai oleh kuasa-kuasa barat melaui
syarikat-syarikat multinasional yang berpangkalan di negara maju.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-37019321567997550852012-10-15T06:20:00.000-07:002018-05-01T22:03:53.303-07:00SOALAN RAMALAN GEOGRAFI FIZIKAL STPM 2012Salam..<br />
<div>
Selamat belajar kepada semua calon-calon STPM yang ambil papaer geografi fizikal tahun 2012.</div>
<div>
Pelajar-pelajar yang dikasihi di sini saya menuurunkan beberapa tip penting tentang tekanik-teknik bagaimana cara yang paling berkesan untuk belajar dan menjawab soalan peperiksaan kertas 1 geografi stpm.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
1. Pelajar kena<span style="color: #cc0000;"> faham betul-betul konsep </span>yang dipelajari.<span style="background-color: #cc0000;"><span style="color: yellow;"> Ingat kata kunci setiap konsep</span></span>. Pelajar tidak mempunyai pilihan kecuali mesti faham betul-betul masksud konsep dan kemudian ingat kata kunci.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
2.<span style="color: red;"> <span style="background-color: yellow;">Faham proses yang terlibat dengan jelas. </span><span style="background-color: lime;">Jangan menghafal tetapi faham bagaimana proses itu terliba</span><span style="background-color: yellow;">t.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;">contoh proses hakisan, proses luluhawa dll. faham betul2 proses tersebut.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: red;">3.</span>Faham bagaimana proses itu bertindak dan menghasilkan seseuatu. Contoh bagaimana proses hakisan mempengaruhi bentuk muka bumi dll</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;">4. Faham perkaitan proses dengan kesan-kesannya terhadap alam Sekitar fizikal dan juga terhadap alam sekitar manusia. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;">5. LlIHAT CONTOH-CONTOH JAWAPAN DI DALAM SKEMA SOALAN-SOALAN TAHUN LEPAS.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;">6. CALON-CALON TIDAK ADA PILIHAN , CALON-CALON TIDAK BOLEH BERGANTUNG KEPADA SOALAN RAMALAN..NANTI AKAN BUNGKUS. PERBANYAKKAN LATIHAN</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;">MENJAWAB SOALAN.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;">7. Cara-cara mempraktikkan latihan menjawab :</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;">i. Baca soalan</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;">ii. Faham kehendak jawapan</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;">iii. Cari kata-kata kunci penting</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;">iv. Cuba menambahkan isi dan huraian</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;">INSYA ALLAH A DALAM GEIGRAFI</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-68395471943234049592012-09-27T19:14:00.002-07:002012-09-27T19:15:05.705-07:00SOALAN PERCUBAAN GEOGRAFI FIZIKAL KELANTAN 2012<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="SV">1 a) Nyatakan perbezaan antara <i>ekuinoks</i> <i>dan solstis</i>
[6]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV"> b) Jelaskan kesan peredaran bumi terhadap fenomena di permukaan
bumi. [10]
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV">
c) Huraikan pengaruh cahaya
matahari terhadap proses-proses dalam sistem hidrolologi. [9]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV">2 a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan
kejadian <i>gempa bumi</i>? [5]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV"> b) Huraikan proses kejadian
gempa bumi [10]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV">
c) Jelaskan <b>lima</b> kesan
kejadian gempa bumi terhadap alam sekitar fizikal dan alam sekitar manusia [10]
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">3 a) Apakah
yang dimaksudkan dengan <i>hakisan permukaan</i>
? [3]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> b) Jelaskan
<b> empat</b> jenis hakisan permukaan [8]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> c) Huraikan
<b>empat</b> faktor yang mengalakkan
hakisan permukaan [8]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> d )
Huraikan<b> tiga</b> kesan hakisan permukaan
terhadap alam sekitar. ` [6]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV">4 </span><span lang="EN-US">(a) ( i)
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan <i>profail panjang sungai?</i> [5]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> ( ii) Huraikan proses pembentukan bentuk muka bumi di
peringkat muda sungai. [10]
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> ( iii) Jelaskan kepentingan bentuk muka bumi tindakan sungai terhadap aktiviti manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> [10]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> ATAU</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">4 (b) i) Apakah
yang dimaksudkan dengan <i>ombak pembinasa?</i> [5]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> (
ii) Huraikan <b>tiga </b> bentuk muka bumi yang terhasil daripada hakisan
ombak [6] </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> (iii) Jelaskan <b>tiga </b>kepentingan bentuk muka
bumi hakisan ombak terhadap aktiviti manusia [6] </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> (
iv) Jelaskan langkah-langkah untuk mengawal hakisan ombak
di zon pinggir pantai [8]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">5. (a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan <i>tekanan udara</i>? [5]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"> (
b) i) Lukis gambar rajah pembentukan bayu laut dan bayu darat . [4]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">
ii) Jelaskan proses pembentukan bayu laut dan
bayu darat. [6]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"> (c)
Jelaskan kesan pengaruh tiupan angin
monsun terhadap aktiviti manusia . [10]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FI">6.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FI">Jadual 1 di bawah menunjukkan taburan kerpasan dan sejatan (mm) bagi
Stesyen Kaji Cuaca A, pada tahun 2005.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Jadual 1. Kerpasan
dan Sejatan (mm) bagi Stesen Kaji Cuaca A, tahun 2005.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.4pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Bulan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.7pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Jan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.0pt;" valign="top" width="41"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Feb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.9pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Mac<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.0pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Apr<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.7pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Mei<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.0pt;" valign="top" width="41"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Jun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.45pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Jul<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.65pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Ogos<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.45pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Sept<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.2pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Okt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.65pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Nov<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.75pt;" valign="top" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Dec<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.4pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kerpasan (mm)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.7pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">86<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.0pt;" valign="top" width="41"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">92<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.9pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">95<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.0pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">98<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.7pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">110<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.0pt;" valign="top" width="41"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">106<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.45pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">94<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.65pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">82<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.45pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">74<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.2pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">62<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.65pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">54<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.75pt;" valign="top" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">50<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.4pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Sejatan (mm)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.7pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.0pt;" valign="top" width="41"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.9pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">26<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.0pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.7pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">78<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.0pt;" valign="top" width="41"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">120<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.45pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">132<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.65pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">100<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.45pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">76<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.2pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">42<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 34.65pt;" valign="top" width="46"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">32<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.75pt;" valign="top" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FI"> (a) Berdasarkan jadual 1, hitung
ketidakseimbagan air di Stesen Kaji Cuaca A, tahun 2005. [3] <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FI"> (b) Berdasarkan hasil pengiraan anda pada soalan a, lukis graf yang sesuai bagi menunjukkan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FI"> ketidakseimbangan air di
Stesen kaji Cuaca A, tahun 2005 . [10]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="SV"> (c) i) Apakah yang
dimaksudkan dengan <i>imbangan air positif</i>? </span><span lang="FI">[2]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FI"> (ii) Jelaskan <b>lima</b> cara manusia mengatasi masalah
ketidakseimbangan air [10] <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">7.a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan <i>kitar nutrien.</i>? [5]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"> b)
Dengan bantuan gambar rajah huraikan proses yang berlaku dalam kitar karbon [10]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"> c)
Jelaskan bagaimana aktiviti manusia mempengaruhi kitar karbon. [10]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">8. Berdasarkan
kajian luar yang anda telah jalankan di sesuatu kawasan Bandar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"> a)
Apakah yang anda faham dengan <i>pencemaran
udara.? </i> [3]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"> b) Nyatakan kaedah yang anda gunakan
untuk memmbuat kajian berkaitan
pencemaran udara. [3] </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"> c)
Sebutkan jenis bahan pencemar udara di kawasan kajian anda [3]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"> d) Huraikan
punca-punca pencemaran udara di kawasan kajian anda [8]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"> e) Jelaskan
bagaimana pencemaran udara boleh mempengaruhi cuaca di kawasan kajian [8]</span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<!--[endif]-->Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-54526286089277581582012-09-15T06:43:00.001-07:002012-09-15T06:43:31.601-07:00BANJIR<br />
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Definition of Flood</span></strong></h2>
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<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Flood can be defined as a body of water, rising, swelling and overflowing land not usually thus covered. Also, overflowing of the bank of a stream, lake or drainage system of water onto adjacent land as a result of storm, ice melt, tidal action and channel obstruction.</span></div>
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<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><img alt="flood" src="http://www.water.gov.my/images/stories/BTB/flood%20johor.png" style="border: 1px groove rgb(150, 224, 30); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="200" /></td></tr>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Types and Nature of Flood</span></strong></h2>
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<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">There are no formal categorizations of floods in Malaysia but is often broadly categorised as monsoonal, flash or tidal floods. In addition, floods are also described based on its location, characteristics, the cause, the timing as to when it occurs and its duration.</span></div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Causes of flood</span></strong></h2>
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<li style="line-height: 1.4em; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Natural Causes of flood: Short, high intensity leads to flash flood, heavy widespread rain leads to land inundation</span></li>
<li style="line-height: 1.4em; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Human Induced floods: Disposal of solid wastes into rivers, sediments from land clearance and construction areas, increase in impervious areas and Obstruction and constriction in the rivers</span></li>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Flood Prone Area in Malaysia</span></strong></h2>
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<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><img alt="penisular_fldarea" src="http://www.water.gov.my/images/stories/BTB/flood%20area_penisular.png" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="500" /></td></tr>
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<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><img alt="area_ss" src="http://www.water.gov.my/images/stories/BTB/flood%20area_ss.png" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="500" /></td></tr>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Impacts of flood</span></strong></h2>
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<ul style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;">
<li style="line-height: 1.4em; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Positive: Sustaining, enriching and rejuvenating certain sector of biodiversity in the floodplains, replenishes the land with nutrient rich soils and therefore good for agriculture and natural vegetation, clear debris as well as remove sediments from the flooded area, recharges groundwater storage</span></li>
<li style="line-height: 1.4em; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Negative: threaten lives, disrupt social and economic activities and destroy properties, causes distress and recovery can be costly both to individuals and the Government, and deterred new investments in the flood prone area</span></li>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Estimates of flood damages by State</span></strong></h2>
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<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><img alt="table_damage" src="http://www.water.gov.my/images/stories/BTB/tabledamage.png" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="500" /></td></tr>
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<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="font-size: x-small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></span><table border="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><tbody style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><img alt="damage" src="http://www.water.gov.my/images/stories/BTB/flooddamage.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="500" /></td></tr>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-86051125863959481462012-08-02T04:15:00.001-07:002012-08-02T04:15:59.005-07:00GEMPA BUMI<br />
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<b>Apakah itu Gempa Bumi?</b></div>
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<li>Gempa bumi adalah gegaran bumi yang berlaku secara tiba-tiba disebabkan oleh tenaga yang sekian lama tersimpan di dalam batuan bumi tiba-tiba terkeluar.</li>
<li>Merupakan hasil pergerakan plat tektonik(iaitu kerak bumi) yang senantiasa bergerak aktif.Kerak bumi berdasarkan teori Plat Tektonik(iaitu terdapat banyak kerak bumi di lapisan atas bumi yang senantiasa bergerak akibat tekanan daripada kawasan mantel-iaitu bahagian dalaman bumi yang sangat panas.</li>
<li>Gempa bumi sangat berkait rapat dengan kegiatan gunung berapi,kawasan gunung berapi digelar lingkaran apai pasifik.Maksud yang mudah negara yang mempunyai kegiatan gunung berapi juga merupakan antara negara yang terdedah kepada risiko gempa bumi.Namun begitu terdapat juga negara yang tidak mempunyai gunung berapi tetapi turut terdedah kepada gempa bumi contohnya negara China dan Iran</li>
</ul>
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<img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/2004_Indonesia_Tsunami.gif" />
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-32352763191893251652012-06-17T04:35:00.003-07:002012-09-15T07:22:14.959-07:00TEMA 1 : SISTEM BUMIBBAHAGIAN A : GEOGRAFI ALAM SEKITAR FIZIKAL<br />
PENGGAL 1<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Elephant; font-size: 16.0pt;">MODUL PENGAJARAN
GEOGRAFI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">( ALAM SEKITAR FIZIKAL) STPM<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">BAB 1 : SISTEM BUMI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">KONSEP SISTEM – satu set angkubah yang
berstruktur dan saling berinteraksi
antara satu sama lain untuk mencapai keseimbangan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Terdiri
daripada 3 sistem ;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">i)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">terpencil – mempunyai sempadan yang nyata dan tidak membenarkan kemasukan bahan
dan tenaga.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">ii)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tertutup – mempunyai sempadan yang membenarkan
kemasukan tenaga sahaja tetapi menghalang kemasukan bahan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">iii)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Terbuka – tidak mempunyai sempadan yang nyata
dan membenarkan kemasukan tenaga dan bahan melalui sempadannya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bumi sebagai satu sistem – merupakan sistem
tertutup yang membenarkan kemasukan tenaga daripada matahari tetapi tidak
membenarkan kemasukan bahan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.3.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Terdiri
daripada komponen biosfera ( tumbuhan dan haiwan), atmosfera ( gas-gas di udara), hidrosfera ( badan-badan air ),
litosfera ( lapisan permukaan bumi), dan pedosfera ( kerak bumi bersifat
pepejal).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">1.3.2 Semua sistem ini saling berinteraksi
antara satu sama lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> ( Sila lukis
rajah yang berkenaan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sistem Suria – terdiri daripada sembilan buah
planet, satelit semulajadi dan pelbagai jasad lain yang bergerak mengelilingi
matahari dan di kawal oleh tarikan gravity matahari .<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.5<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Konsep bahangan matahari – merupakan tenaga haba
yang dipindahkan ke permukaan bumi melalui bahangan secara terus menerus tanpa
perantaraan dalam bentuk gelombang electromagnet dan cahaya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.6<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family: Elephant;">BUMI
SEBAGAI SATU SFERA – <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.1.6<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">bumi
berbentuk sfera, rata sedikit di bahagian kedua-dua kutubnya , <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.1.7<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family: Elephant;">mempunyai
diameter 12753 km <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.1.8<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> terdiri daripada lapisan litosfera ( kerak
bumi), mantel dan teras bumi, <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.1.9<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">sentiasa
berputar di atas paksinya yang condong dan mengambil masa 24 jam untuk membuat
satu pusingan lengkap<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.1.10<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">sambil
bergerak mengelilingi matahari dan mengambil masa satu tahun untuk membuat satu
pusingan lengkap.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.7<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">KONSEP PUTARAN BUMi – bumi berputar pada
paksinya yang condong dari arah barat ke timur, mengambil masa 24 jam untuk
membuat satu pusingan lengkap dan kesannya menyebabkan kejadian siang dan malam
serta kejadian air pasang surut.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">1.8 Kejadian
air pasang surut – berpunca daripada
tarikan gravity bulan yang lebih kuat daripada tarikan gravity matahari .
Pasang surut air juga berpunca daripada
tarikan gravity bulan dengan bumi dan matahari dengan bumi. Jika bumi, bulan ,
dan matahari berada dalam satu garisan,
berlakulah air pasang perbani ( air
pasang besar). Jika bumi, bulan dan matahari berada dalam sudut tepat
terjadilah air pasang anak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">1.9 KONSEP KECONDONGAN PAKSI BUMI – merujuk
kepada satu garisan condong sebanyak 23 </span><span lang="SV">½</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> <sup>0</sup>
daripada satah tegak atau 66 </span><span lang="SV">½</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> <sup>0</sup>
dari satah pancaran matahari yang dilukis dari utara ke selatan melalui
bahagian tengah bumi dan sudut kecondonganya adalah tetap walaupun kedudukan
bumi berubah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.10<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">KONSEP PEREDARAN BUMI – bumi beredar
mengelilingi matahari dalam orbit berbentuk elips, mengambil masa 1 tahun untuk
membuat satu pusingan lengkap. Kesan
peredaran bumi mengelilingi matahari menyebabkan kejadian empat musim ,
kejadian gerhana, dan waktu siang dan malam yang tidak sama panjang.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.11<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Kejadian
empat musim<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: -48.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Tarikh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Kedudukan matahari<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Kejadian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Hemisfera Utara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Hemisfera Selatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Tempoh waktu
siang/malam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Elephant;">21 Mac<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Garisan Khatulistiwa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Ekuinoks<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Musim Bunga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Musim Luruh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Semua tempat mengalami 12 jam siang dan 12 jam malam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">21 Jun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Garisan Sartan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Solstis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Musim Panas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Musim Sejuk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dihenisfera utara, waktu siang lebih panjang daripada malam. Di hemisfera
selatan, waktu malam lebih panjang daripada siang. </span><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Semua tempat di kawasan Artik mengalami siang
selama 24 jam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">23 September<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Garisan Khatulistiwa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Ekuinoks<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Musim Luruh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Musim Bunga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Semua tempat mengalami 12 jam siang dan 12 jam malam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">22 Disember<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Garisan Jadi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Solstis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Musim sejuk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Elephant;">Musim Panas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Di hemisfera utara, waktu malam lebih panjang daripada siang. Di
Hemisfera selatan, waktu siang lebih panjang daripada malam. Semua tempat di
Garisan Antartik mengalamiu waktu siang selama 24 jam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.12<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kejadian Gerhana – terjadi apabila bumi atau
bulan tidak mendapat cahaya matahari. </span></span><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Terbahagi dua, iaitu gerhana bulan dan gerhana matahari.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Gerhana bulan – berlaku apabila matahari, bumi
dan bulan berada dalam keadaan sebaris. Bumi berada di antara matahari dan
bulan. Ketika ini matahari tidak sampai ke bulan kerana baying-bayang bumi
menutupi bulan. </span></span><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Bulan tidak
kelihatan selama beberapa minit semasa gerhana bulan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Gerhana matahari – terjadi apabila bulan berada
di antara bumi dengan matahari. Bulan menghalang sinaran matahari daripada
sampai ke bumi. Gerhana penuh berlaku di zon umbra manakala gerhana separa terjadi di zon penumbra.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.13<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family: Elephant;">JENIS-JENIS
TENAGA HABA DALAM SISTEM BUMI<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tenaga haba rasa – apabila tenaga ini terkena
pada permukaan dan ia akan beransur-ansur menjadi panas.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tenaga haba pendam – tenaga ini terkandiung
dalam jirim sehinggalah ia dibebaskan oleh sebab-sebab tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.14<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">MENGAPAKAH TERDAPAT PERBEZAAN KADAR PENYERAPAN
HABA PADA PERMUKAAN BUMI?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">i)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Warna
permukaan bumi – permukaan cerah kadar penyerapan bahangan matahari adalah
rendah manakala permukaan gelap mampu nyerap bahangan matahari yang tinggi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">ii)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Struktur permukaan bumi – permukaan bumi yang
mengandungi binaan bangunan daripada konkrit dan simen, kadar penyerapan
bahangan matahari adalah tinggi. Permukan bumi yang tediri daripada
tumbuh-tumbuhan hijau pula kadar penyerapan bahangan matahari adalah rendah.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">iii)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kandungan mineral dalam batuan – batuan yang
mengandungi ferum akan berwarna hitam keperangan menyebabkan kadar penyerapan
bahangan matahari adalah tinggi. Batuan yang terdiri daripada batu kapur ula
berwarna putih menyebabkan kadar penyerapan bahangan matahari yang rendah.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">iv)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Aspek/kedudukan permukaan bumi – merujuk kepada
kedudukan permukaan bumi sama ada berhadapan dengan pancaran matahari atau
membelakangi pancaran matahari. Permukaan bumi yang berhadapan dengan pancaran
matahari secara terus akan menyerap bahangan matahari yang banyak berbanding
permukaan bumi yang terlindung tidak dapat menyerap bahangan matahari.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">v)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tekstur permukaan – permukaan bumi yang kasar
mampu menyerap bahangan matahari yang banyak berbanding permukaan bumi
bertekstur halus. Permukaan tanah yang lembap pula lambat menyerap bahangan
matahri berbanding permukaan tanah yang kering.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.15<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">MENGAPAKAH JUMLAH BAHANG MATAHARI YANG DITERIMA
BERBEZA-BEZA MENGIKUT BAHAGIAN DUNIA?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">i)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Putaran bumi di atas paksinya yang condong
mewujudkan kejadian siang dan malam – kawasan berhadapan pancaran matahari akan
menerima bahangan matahari yang banyak (menjadi siang ) berbanding bahagian
yang terlindung daripada pancaran bahangan matahari akan menjadi gelap <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">
</span><span style="font-family: Elephant;">( menjadi malam).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">ii)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Peredaran bumi mengelilingi matahari - menyebabkan
kedudukan matahari yang berbeza-beza di garisan lintang. Contohnya kawasan
Khatulistiwa menerima pancaran matahari sepanjang tahun menyebabkan penerimaan
bahangan matahari yang paling banyak berbanding kawasan sederhana yang menerima
bahangan matahri yang banyak pada masa-masa tertentu sahaja.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">iii) Kejadian musim – berlaku akibat peredaran
bumi mengelilingi matahari. </span><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Pada masa
ekuinoks musim bunga <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Elephant;">
(21 Mac) dan ekuinoks musim luruh (23 September ) seluruh dunia menerima
bahangan matahari yang banyak . </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Semasa solstis musim panas ( 21 Jun ) kawasan hemisfera
utara menerima bangan matahari yang banyak kerana matahari berada di garisan
sartan, manakala semasa solstis musim sejuk (22 Disember ) pula, kawasan hemisfera selatan pula yang menerima
bahangan matahari yang banyak kerana matahari berada di garisan jadi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">iv)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kecondongan pancaran matahari – kedudukan garis
lintang berbanding kedudukan matahari menyebabkan sesetengah tempat menerima
pancaran matahari secara tegak atau condong. Kawasan khatulistiwa menerima
pancaran matahari secara tegak menyebabkan bahangan matahri yang diterima
adalah banyak. Kawasan hemisfera utara dan hemisfera selatan pula menerima
pancaran matahari secara condong menyebabkan penerimaan bahangan matahri adalah
sedikit.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Elephant;">v)
Ketebalan atmosfera – Kawasan yang mempunyai ketebalan atmosfera yang
tinggi ( contoh, kawasan khatulistiwa ) kurang menerima bahangan matahari
berbanding kawasan yang mempunyai atmosfera yang nipis penerimaan bahangan matahari adalah sedikit ( contoh,
kawasan gurun panas ) .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">vi)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Perbezaan
permukaan bumi – kawasan daratan lebih cepat menyerap bahangan matahari
menyebabkan penerimaan bahangan adalah tinggi berbanding permukaan bumi yang
dilitupi air. Permukaan bumi yang mempunyai tumbuh-tumbuhan pula kadar
penyerimaan bahangan matahari lebih rendah berbanding permukaan bumi yang
gondol dan tandus. Bahagian lurah gunung
yang berhadapan pancaran matahri akan menerima bahangan matahari yang tinggi
berbanding bahangian yang terlindung
daripada pencaran matahari.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.16<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family: Elephant;">MENGAPAKAH
BUMI HANYA MENRIMA SEBAHAGIAN KECIL SAHAJA DARIPADA SELURUH TENAGA MATAHARI DAN
JUMLAHNYA BERUBAH-UBAH MENGIKUT MASA?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">i)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Jarak
matahari dengan bumi – jarak bumi dengan matahari sejauh lebih kurang 150 juta
km menyebabkan jumlah penerimaan bahangan matahari adalah kecil. </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Semasa perihelion (kedudukan bumi paling dekat dengan matahari) penerimaan bahangan matahari paling banyak
berbanding semasa afelion ( kedudukan bumi paling jauh dengan matahari ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">ii)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Faktor bumi mengelilingi matahari – menyebabkan
kejadian ekuinoks dean solstis. Semasa ekuinoks musim bunga dan ekuinoks musim
luruh, matahari berada di garisan khatulistiwa menyebabkan seluruh dunia
mengalami siang dan malam yang sama panjang .
Semasa kejadian solstis musim panas , kawasan hemisfera utara menerima
bahangan matahari paling banyak manakala semasa
solstis musim sejuk , kawasan hemisfera selatan pula menerima bahangan
matahari paling banyak. Kawasan Khatulistiwa menerima bahangan matahari yang
sama banyak sepanjang tahun.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">iii)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Faktor kejadian tompok matahari ( sunsport) –
pada masa ini lebih banyak tenaga electromagnet dikeluarkan pada tompok
matahari. Ini menyebabkan penerimaan bahangan matahari pada masa ini lebih
banyak berbanding biasa. </span></span><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Kejadian
ini berlaku setiap 11 tahun sekali.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">iv)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Faktor
pemantulan atau pembalikan oleh awan – awan berperanan sebagai pembalik,
pemantul atau p-enghambur haba matahari. Wap air juga akan menyerap bahangan
matahari. Ini menyebabkan sebahagian kecil sahaja bahangan matahari yang sampai
ke bumi. Di kawasan Khatulistiwa yang mempunyai gumpalan awan yang tebal telah
menghalang sebahagian daripada bahangan matahari untuk sampai ke permukaan
bumi manakala di kawasan gurun panas
pula yang kurang litupan awan membolehkan sebahagian besar bahangan matahari
sampai ke permukaan bumi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">v)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Faktor albedo – merujuk kepada pembalikan atau
pantulan sebahagian daripada bahangan matahari oleh sebarang permukaan. Kadar
albedo berbeza-beza mengikut ciri permukaan dan sudut pancaran matahari.
Bagi permukaan cerah atau putih, kadar albedonya tinggi bebanding
permukaan bumi yang berwarna gelap. Kadar albedo bagi permukaan bersalji ialah
80% manakala permukaan air laut ialah 30%.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">vi)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Penyerakan
oleh zarah halus ( seperti molekul gas, udara, wap air, debu, habuk dan hablur
ais ) – Bahan-bahan ini akan melakukan penyerakan terhadap bahangan matahari di
atmosfera sebelum sampai ke permukaan bumi. </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Akibatnya, bahangan matahari yang sampai ke permukaan
bumi adalah kecil sahaja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.17<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">PENGARUH TENAGA SURIA KEPADA KEHIDUPAN MANUSIA
DI PERMUKAAN BUMI<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">i)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pertanian – Kawasan tropika lembap yang menerima
tenaga suria sepanjang tahun menggalakkan kegiatan pertanian dijalankan
sepanjang tahun. Berbanding dengan kawasan beriklim sederhana kegitan pertanian
giat dijalankan pada musim panas dan musim
bunga sahaja manakala pada musim sejuk kegiatan pertanian tidak dapat
dijalankan sama sekali.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">ii)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Perikanan – Di kawasan tropika lembap yang
menerima jumlah tenaga suria yang banyak telah menggalakkan pertumbuhan
plankton iaitu sejenis makanan ikan. Ini menghasilkan ekosistem laut yang kaya
dengan pelbagai hidupan kesannya kegiatan perikanan giat dijalankan .<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">iii)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pembalakan – di kawasan tropika lembap yang
menerima min suhu tahunan 27oC dan jumlah hujan tahunan melebihi 2000mm
menggalakkan pertumbuhan pokok berharga seperti merantidijalankan sepanjang
tahun di kawasan ini. Di kawasan
beriklim sederhana, pembalakan dijalankan pada musim sejuk kerana getah pokok
membeku, mudah untuk penebangan pokok. Permukaan tanah bersalji memudahkan kayu
balak digolekkan dan disusun di atas sungai yang membeku sebelum dihanyutkan pada musim panas.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">iv)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pelancongan – di kawasan tropika lembap yang
menerima bahangan matahari sepanjang tahun menggalakkan kegiatan pelancongan
dijalankan sepanjang tahun. Di kawasan beriklum sederhana, pelancongan luncur
ais dijalankan pada musim sejuk. Penduduk mereka akan berhijrah ke kawasan
tropika pada masa ini untuk menikmati bahangan matahari.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">v)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pemburuan – di kawasan tropika lembap kegiatan
pemburuan dijalankan sepanjang tahun kerana bahangan matahari diterima
sepanjang tahun. Tetapi di kawasan beriklim sederhana dunia, kegiatan pemburuan
dijalankan pada musim sejuk kerana bulu binatang sangat tebal, pergerakan
binatang sangat perlahan di atas salji memudahkan kerja pemburuan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">vi)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Industri kecil dan sederhana – di kawasan
tropika lembap yang menerima bahangan matahari sepanjang tahun membolehkan
aktiviti menjemur batik, ikan kering,
udang kering, belacan dan keropok dijalankan dengan giat. Tetapi di kawasan beriklim
sederhana dunia, aktiviti serupa ini terhenti pada musim sejuk dan luruh kerana
penerimaan bahangan matahari sangat minimum.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">vii)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sumber tenaga solar – Di Negara-negara benua
Asia yang menerima bahangan matahari yang banyak sepanjang tahun membolehkan
penjanaan tenaga solar dijalankan dengan baik berbanding kawasan sederhana
dunia aktiviti ini terganggu pada musim luruh dan sejuk.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">1.18<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">PENGARUH TENAGA SURIA TERHADAP KEGIATAN
PERTANIAN DI KAWASAN TROPIKA LEMBAP<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">i)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Penerimaan bahangan matahari yang banyak
sepanjang tahun membolehkan pelbagai aktiviti pertanian dijalankan sepanjang
tahun.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">ii)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kegiatan pertanian meliputi pembajakkan, penanaman,
pembajaan dan penuaian dijalankan sepanjang tahun.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">iii)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pelbagai jenis tanaman seperti buah-buahan,
sayur-sayuran, dan bunga-bungaan dapat dihasilkan sepanjang tahun.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">iv)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Elephant; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Jumlah tenaga suria yang banyak juga
mempengaruhi penanaman pelbagai jenis tanaman tropika seperti getah, kelapa
sawit, koko, kopi, dan tembakau.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Elephant; mso-bidi-font-family: Elephant; mso-fareast-font-family: Elephant;">v)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family: Elephant;">Bekalan
tenaga suria yang banyak menggalakan proses geomorfologi seperti pembentukan
bahan regolith yang tebal melalui pereputan bahan organic secara kimia yang
subur untuk penanaman pelbagai jenis
tanaman. Kitar air yang kerap berlaku telah membekalkan sumber air yang banyak
a membolehkan proses pengairan tanaman dijalankan khususnya untuk penaman padi
sawah.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Elephant;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-76177313091973891262012-06-17T04:30:00.001-07:002012-06-17T04:30:24.579-07:00SISTEM BUMI<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="MS" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 14pt;">TEMA 1: SISTEM BUMI</span></b><br /> <b style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="MS">KONSEP</span></b><span lang="MS" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: justify;"> <b>SISTEM</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">1. Sistem
satu set himpunan objek –
objek/ angkubah-angkubah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">2. Objek / angkubah </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Berkaitan antara satu sama </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Berupaya bertindak
bersama-sama sebagai satu organisasi
kompleks</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t202" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="202" path="m,l,21600r21600,l21600,xe">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1037" type="#_x0000_t202" style='position:absolute;
left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:171pt;margin-top:6.55pt;width:85.5pt;
height:37.05pt;text-indent:0;z-index:6' stroked="f"/><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="9" width="228"></td>
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<tr>
<td></td><td bgcolor="white" height="53" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" width="118"><b><i><br /></i></b><!--[endif]--><!--[if !vml]--></td>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS" style="background: silver; mso-highlight: silver;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">CIRI-CIRI
SISTEM</span><span lang="MS"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">1. Semua jenis sistem berbentuk struktur / organisasi tertentu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">2. Bersifat umum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">3. Berfungsi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">4. Terdapat pertalian </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">5. Membenarkan perpindahan bahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">6. Sumber tenaga daya penggerak pemindahan
bahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">7. Bersifat-sifat gabungan/integrasi
antara angkubah-angkubah </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">8. Sempadan jelas / arbitari.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
JENIS-JENIS SISTEM
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
SISTEM TERPENCIL
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">1. Tiada sebarang bentuk
interaksi antara angkubah-angkubah dgn alam sekitar melepasi sempadan .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">2. Tiada penukaran tenaga / bahan dgn alam
sekitarnya </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">3. Contoh: Ujikaji-ujikaji sains di makmal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">SISTEM
TERTUTUP</span><span lang="MS"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">1. Ada sempadan halang kemasukan bahan, tetapi
membenarkan kemasukan tenaga.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">2. Contoh:
Sistem bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"> </span><b><span lang="MS"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS" style="background-color: white;">SISTEM
TERBUKA</span><span lang="MS"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">1. Sempadan yang jelas membenarkan kemasukan
tenaga dan bahan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">2. Contoh:
Ekosistem tasik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
SISTEM SURIA
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">1. Matahari, 9 buah planet,komet,asteroid,
meteoroid,awan dan habuk .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">2. Ia berada dalam galaksi Bima Sakti.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">3. Matahari - pusat dlm sistem suria
satu-satunya bintang dalam sistem ini. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">4. Medan graviti mengawal semua jasad dalam sistem suria .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">5. Kesemua jasad beredar mengikut orbit berbentuk elips/bujur .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">6. Perihelion - planet paling dekat dengan
matahari</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">7. Afelion - planet paling jauh dari
matahari .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
PLANET DALAM SISTEM SURIA
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: -17.95pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #F3F3F3; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.65pt;" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="MS">Planet<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F3F3F3; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.5pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="MS">Jarak dari Matahari (Juta km)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #F3F3F3; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" width="180">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="MS">Masa (Hari mengelilingi Matahari)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.65pt;" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">Utarid</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.5pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">57.9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" width="180">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">89.96</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.65pt;" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">Zuhrah</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.5pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">108.2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" width="180">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">225</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.65pt;" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">Bumi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.5pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">149.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" width="180">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">365</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.65pt;" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">Marikh</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.5pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">227.9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" width="180">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">687</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.65pt;" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">Musytari</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.5pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">778.3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" width="180">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">4343</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.65pt;" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">Zuhal</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.5pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">1427</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" width="180">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">10767</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.65pt;" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">Uranus</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.5pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">2870</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" width="180">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">30700</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.65pt;" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">Neptune</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.5pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">4497</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" width="180">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">602575</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.65pt;" width="92">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">Pluto</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.5pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">5900</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.0pt;" width="180">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: -17.95pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS">90502</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">Sistem Bumi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="MS">Komponen dalam Sistem
bumi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">Atmosfera<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">Hidrosfera<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">Biosfera<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">Litosfera<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS">Keempat-empat sfera adalah
saling berhubung kait antara satu sama lain</span><span lang="MS" style="color: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="MS">Atmosfera<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Atmosfera
ialah lapisan udara yang mengelilingi bumi dan mempengaruhi cuaca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Mengandungi
beberapa jenis gas seperti<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Nitrogen 78%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Oksigen 21%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Argon 0.90%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Kabon
dioksida 0.03%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Wap air 0.07%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="MS">Lapisan Atmosfera<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Troposfera<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Stratosfera<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Mesosfera<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Termosfera<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Eksosfera<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Setiap
lapisan mempunyai suhu dan tekanan yang berbeza<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="MS">Troposfera <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Lapisan
paling dekat dengan permukaan bumi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Terbentang
sehingga 18 km dari paras laut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Mempunyai
tekanan udara yang tinggi kerana tarikan graviti bumi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Mempunyai
kandungan udara yang sesuai untuk kehidupan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Kejadian
cuaca – zon turbulen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Suhu berkadar
songsang – menurun dengan ketinggian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Dipisahkan
oleh lapisan tropopaus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="MS">Stratosfera <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Terbentang
sehingga 18 hingga 50 km di atmosfera<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Mengandungi
gas ozon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Suhu berkadar
langsung – meningkat mengikut ketinggian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="MS">Mesosfera <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Terletak di
atas lapisan stratosfera<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Antara 50 km
80 km dari permukaan bumi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Tekanan udara
rendah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Suhu berkadar
songsang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Tekanan udara
rendah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Berlaku
proses pembakaran meteorit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Dipisahkan
oleh garisan mesopaus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="MS">Termosfera <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Antara 80-
hingga 600 km dari permukaan bumi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Suhu berkadar
terus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Tekanan udara
rendah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Terdapat
zarah zarah bercas – ion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Penting dalam
bidang telekomunikasi – gelombang radio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Mempunyai
jaluran cahaya yang dipanggil aurora<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="MS">Eksosfera<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Udara nipis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Lapisan
paling luar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Selepas 700
km udara menjadi vakum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n </span><span lang="MS">Mengandungi
gas gas ringan seperti helium dan hidrogen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS">Rumusan Kepentingan
Atmosfera Kepada Sistem Bumi</span><span lang="MS" style="color: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">Untuk
biosfera - manusia, haiwan, tumbuhan
hidup dan bernafas – kandungan udara dan gas (oksigen, karbon dioksida dan lain
lain)</span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">Tempat
berlakunya fenomena cuaca – kitaran hidrologi, proses sejatan, proses
pemeluwapan dan turun kerpasan </span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">-
lapisan troposfera</span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="MS">mengandungi lapisan ozon
yang penting untuk menapis sinaran ultra ungu yang berbahaya </span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">–
lapisan stratosfera</span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="MS">penting untuk aktiviti
perhubungan dan komunikasi – menempatkan satelit – lapisan termosfera</span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">Proses
pembakaran meteorit berlaku di lapisan mesosfe</span></span></div>
<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 7.5pt;">RAJAH
MENUNJUKKAN STRUKTUR MENEGAK ATMOSFERA</span></i></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 11.25pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td colspan="3" style="height: 11.25pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.25pt; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1029"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:.75pt;height:.75pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif"
o:href="http://cikguseri73.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/blank.gif"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="1" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029" width="1" /><!--[endif]--></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 11.25pt;" width="15">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:11.25pt;height:.75pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif"
o:href="http://cikguseri73.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/blank.gif"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="1" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" width="15" /><!--[endif]--></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"><br /><!--[endif]--></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 11.25pt;" width="15">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:11.25pt;height:.75pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif"
o:href="http://cikguseri73.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/blank.gif"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="1" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028" width="15" /><!--[endif]--></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 11.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td colspan="3" style="height: 11.25pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 11.25pt; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:.75pt;height:.75pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif"
o:href="http://cikguseri73.tripod.com/imagelib/sitebuilder/layout/blank.gif"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="1" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" width="1" /><!--[endif]--></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span lang="MS">HIDROSFERA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n</span><span lang="MS"> Merujuk kepada semua jisim air yang berada di
permukaan bumi, dalam bumi dan di atmosfera<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n</span><span lang="MS"> Merupakan 70% daripada keseluruhan bumi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n</span><span lang="MS"> Punca utama air ialah laut dan lautan , sumber
lain ialah air bawah tanah, tasik, sungai dan glasier.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n</span><span lang="MS"> Kepentingan hidrosfera :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="MS">sebagai
sumber air kepada kehidupan</span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="MS"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="MS">habitan
pelbagai haiwan dan tumbuhan akuatik</span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="MS"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="MS">pembekal
sumber makanan</span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="MS"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="MS">tempat
mencari rezeki</span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="MS"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="MS">jalan
perhubungan dan pengangkutan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS">LITOSFERA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n</span><span lang="MS">
Lapisan paling atas bumi meliputi kerak
bumi dan mantel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n</span><span lang="MS">
Bersifat pepejal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n</span><span lang="MS"> Membentuk daratan dan dasar lautan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n</span><span lang="MS">
Ketebalan berbeza (tebal di daratan berbanding dengan dasar
lautan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n</span><span lang="MS">
Kepentingan litosfera:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="MS">menyediakan
habitat kepada pelbagai hidupan di bumi</span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="MS"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="MS">menyediakan
tanih yang penting untuk pertanian</span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="MS"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="MS">menyediakan
tempat untuk pelbagai aktiviti ekonomi</span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="MS"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="MS">hasil
mineral menggalakkan aktiviti perlombongan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS">BIOSFERA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">n</span><span lang="MS">
merangkumi manusia, haiwan, tumbuhan dan organisma lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS">SALING KAITAN ANTARA SFERA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">1. Terdapat saling kaitan
dan interaksi berlaku antara atmosfera, hidrosfera, litosfera dan biosfera</span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">2. Tumbuhan hijau menjadi
sumber makanan kepada kebanyakan haiwan</span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">C.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">3. Tumbuhan hijau
memerlukan cahaya matahari dan air , gas karbon dioksida untuk melakukan proses
fotosintesis – karbon dibebaskan melalui pernafasan manusia dan haiwan</span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">D.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">4. Manusia memerlukan
oksigen untuk bernafas – oksigen dibebaskan oleh tumbuhan melalui proses fotosintesis</span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">E.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">5. Akar tumbuhan menyerap
air dan mineral dari lapisan litosfera</span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">F.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">6. Mineral kembali ke
lapisan litosfera melalui pereputan dan penguraian apabila haiwan yang makan
tumbuhan itu mati (kitaran nutrient)</span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">G.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">7. Proses ini berterusan
mewujudkan keseimbangan dalam sistem bumi.</span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: white; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: list 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
SIFAT-SIFAT BUMI
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">1. Berbentuk sfera.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">2. Garis pusat khatulistiwa (12716km). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">3. Keluasan seluruh
permukaan bumi 510juta km persegi
(29% daratan & 71% air)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
KECONDONGAN BUMI
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">1. Bumi berputar pada
paksinya yang condong pada sudut 23½°
daripada satah menegak yang bersudut tepat pada orbitnya. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">2. Kesannya pada 21 Jun
(solstis musim panas) dan pada 22 Dis (solstis musim sejuk)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
PERGERAKAN BUMI
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">1. Bumi bergerak dan
berputar atas paksi dari barat ke timur sambil beredar mengelilingi matahari.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">2. 2 cara pergerakan bumi iaitu:-</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">a. Putaran </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">b. Peredaran</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
PUTARAN BUMI
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">1. Bumi berputar di atas
paksinya yang condong pada sudut 23½° pada satah tegak.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">2. Bumi berputar dari barat ke timur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">3. Satu putaran - 24 jam</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">4. Kesan putaran bumi:-</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">i) Kejadian siang dan
malam</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">ii) Fenomena air pasang
dan surut</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">iii) Pembiasan angin</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
FENOMENA AIR PASANG DAN SURUT
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">1. Tarikan graviti bulan menarik air laut di bumi yang menghadap ke
bulan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">2. Air pasang perbani -
air pasang besar (graviti bulan dan matahari bertindak bersama).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">3. Air pasang anak - air pasang minima (bulan,matahari dan
bersudut tepat).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
EDARAN BUMI
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">1. Bumi beredar mengelilingi matahari di
orbit berbentuk elips. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">2. Satu putaran lengkap 365 hari / 1
tahun.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">3. Kesan:- </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">i) Kejadian 4 musim.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">ii) Gerhana bulan dan
matahari.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
KEJADIAN 4 MUSIM
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">1. Ekuinoks Musim Bunga (21 Mac)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Tegak di
garisan khatulistiwa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Musim
bunga di hemisfera utara dan musim luruh di hemisfera selatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Siang dan
malam sama panjang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">2. Solstis Musim Panas (21 Jun)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Matahari
tegak di garisan sartan di hemisfera utara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Musim
panas di hemisfera utara dan musim sejuk di hemisfera selatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Siang dan
malam tidak sama panjang. 24 jam siang di kutub utara dan 24 jam malam di kutub
selatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">3. Ekuinoks Musim Luruh (23 September)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Matahari tegak di garisan
khatulistiwa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Musim luruh di hemisfera utara dan
musim bunga di hemisfera selatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Siang dan malam sama panjang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">4. Solstis Musim Sejuk (22 Disember) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Matahari tegak di garisan jadi di hemisfera
selatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Musim sejuk di hemisfera utara dan
musim panas di hemisfera selatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Siang dan
malam tidak sama panjang. 24 jam siang di kutub selatan dan 24 jam malam di
kutub utara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
GERHANA MATAHARI
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">Berlaku apabila
bulan berada di antara matahari dan bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
GERHANA BULAN
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">Berlaku apabila
bumi berada di antara matahari dgn bulan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
TENAGA
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">Satu daya /
kemampuan mengoperasikan
kerja/menghasilkan sesuatu. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
JENIS-JENIS TENAGA
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">1. Tenaga eksogenik<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">Berpunca
dari luar bumi iaitu matahari. Diterima dalam bentuk bahangan yang ditukar kepada tenaga haba. Setelah digunakan
ia akan bertukar kepada bentuk tenaga yang lain. Contoh: tenaga kinetik dan tenaga haba.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">2. Tenaga endogenik<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">Berpunca
dari perut bumi seperti tenaga graviti, rodiogenik dan tenaga haba. Penting
untuk proses-proses tektonik kerak bumi seperti gempa bumi, gunung berapi,
lipatan, gelinciran dan lain-lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">3. Tenaga kinetik/Pergerakan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">Contoh:
Air yang mengalir melalui alur sungai
mengubah bentuk-bentuk muka bumi lir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">4. Tenaga keupayaan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">Terpendam
dalam sesuatu jasad boleh digunakan pada
bila-bila masa. Contoh: Spring yang
belum dilepaskan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">5. Tenaga haba<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">Kepanasan
sesuatu jisim yang diukur dlm unit darjah celcius (°C). Terbahagi kepada 2
iaitu:-</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS">i.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">Tenaga haba rasa
(tenaga yang terkena sesuatu permukaan sehingga
menjadi panas).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="MS">ii.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span lang="MS">Tenaga haba pendam
(tenaga terkandung dalam sesuatu jisim
sehingga ia dibebaskan)</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
PEMINDAHAN TENAGA SURIA
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2.0in; tab-stops: .5in 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.0in;">
<span lang="MS">1. <b>Pengaliran - </b>Pertembungan
jisim panas dan jisim sejuk (mengalir dari jisim panas ke jisim sejuk).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2.0in; tab-stops: .5in 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.0in;">
<span lang="MS">2. <b>Perolakan - </b>Cecair
yang mengalir bersentuhan dengan jisim pepejal/ cecair yang berlainan suhu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">3<b>. Sinaran - </b>Bentuk gelombang
elektromagnet. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">a) Gelombang
pendek-perpindahan tenaga suria ke sistem bumi. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">b) Gelombang
panjang - tenaga bumi / sinaran bumi dibebaskan ke atmosfera.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
FAKTOR PERBEZAAN PENERIMAAN TENAGA DARI MATAHARI
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">1. Tempoh
masa siang dan malam di kawasan berlainan iklim.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Khatulistiwa tiada perbezaan ketara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Kutub pada waktu tertentu siang dan
malam 24 jam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">2. Sifat
lapisan atmosfera<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Komposisi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Ketebalan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Kelutsinaran</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">Contoh: Kawasan gurun panas
lapisan atmosfera nipis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">3. Sudut
pancaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Sudut tepat terima haba tinggi dan
pancaran bertumpu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Sudut
serong pancaran tersebar dan tenaga matahari tersebar.sinaran suria ambil masa
lebih lama sampai ke bumi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">4. Faktor
perihelion dan afelion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Perihelion terima banyak tenaga
suria.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Afelion kurang tenaga suria.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">5. Ciri
litupan permukaan bumi (albedo)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Warna
permukaan gelap lebih banyak serap tenaga suria berbanding cerah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Tekstur dan struktur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Tekstur
kasar dan kasap lebih banyak serap haba berbanding licin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Struktur
mendatar lebih banyak serap haba berbanding menegak.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Apek dan
ketinggian</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Menghadap
matahari terima lebih banyak haba berbanding terlindung.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Tempat
tinggi-jisim udara nipis terima banyak tenaga matahari.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Permukaan daratan /air.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Daratan
lebih cepat panas berbanding lautan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
PERANAN TENAGA SURIA KEPADA SISTEM
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">1. Sistem
atmosfera<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">Contoh:
Kejadian hujan, tiupan angin dan sebagainya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">2. Sistem
geomorfologi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">Contoh:
Luluhawa, hakisan, pengangkutan dan pemendapan berlaku dgn adanya tenaga haba.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">3. Sistem
hidrologi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">Kitaran
hidrologi </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS">4. Sistem
ekologi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">Ekosistem-
rantaian makanan </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS" style="background: silver; mso-highlight: silver;">PERANAN
TENAGA SURIA</span></b><span lang="MS" style="background: silver; mso-highlight: silver;"> <b>TERHADAP HIDUPAN DI BUMI</b></span><b><span lang="MS"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">1. Flora dan fauna.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">-
Proses fotosintesis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">2. Bahan api</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">Bahan
fosil - arang batu </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">3. Kehidupan manusia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">4. Pelbagai kegunaan lain </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">-Tenaga
suria</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br /><br />PENGARUH TENAGA SURIA TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN MANUSIA DI PERMUKAAN BUMI <br /><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
PERTANIAN
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Kawasan
tropika pertanian sepanjang tahun. Pelbagai jenis tanaman seperti getah padi
dan lain-lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Kawasa
iklim sederhana pertanian mengikut musim. Contoh: Epal anggur dan lain-lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
PERIKANAN
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Kawasan
tropika perikanan sepanjang tahun,pembiakan plankton dan pembentukan terubu
karang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Kawasan sejuk perikanan mengikut
musim dan laut beku.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
PEMBALAKAN
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Kawasan tropika
pembalakan sepanjang tahun,tumbesaran hutan banyak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Kawasan bermusim
pembalakan dimusim sejuk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
PELANCONGAN
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Kawasan
tropika pelancongan sepanjang tahun. Menarik pelancong dari negara bermusim.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Kawasan bermusim menarik
pelancong dari negara tropika.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
PENTERNAKAN
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Kawasan tropika
sepanjang tahun.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Kawasan
bermusim penternakan mengikut musim. Musim panas dilepaskan dan musim sejuk
dikandang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
PERINDUSTRIAN
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="MS">- Kawasan
tropika. (I</span><span lang="MS">ndustri kecil dan sederhana – Contoh: Industri
pengeringan ikan, batik, kraf tangan).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS">- Kawasan bermusim perindustrian
mengikut musim.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-64165078835944414072012-06-17T04:16:00.000-07:002012-06-17T04:16:22.804-07:00SUKATAN BAHARU GEOGRAFI<br />
<br />
BAHAGIAN A: GEOGRAFI ALAM SEKITAR FIZIKAL<br />
1 Sistem bumi<br />
<br />
1.1 Konsep sistem<br />
<br />
Calon seharusnya dapat:<br />
<br />
(a) mentakrifkan konsep sistem;<br />
(b) menerangkan konsep sistem dalam konteks persekitaran fizikal.<br />
Menggunakan gambar rajah dan animasi pelbagai sistem<br />
<br />
1.2 Sistem suria<br />
<br />
Calon seharusnya dapat:<br />
(a) menerangkan sistem suria dalam Galaksi Bima Sakti, dan sistem bumi sebagai satu planet yang memperoleh tenaga dari matahari.<br />
<br />
Menggunakan gambar rajah dan animasi kedudukan dan pergerakan bumi dalam sistem suria<br />
<br />
1.3 Kedudukan bumi dalam sistem suria<br />
<br />
Calon seharusnya dapat:<br />
(a) menyatakan bumi sebagai satu planet berbentuk sfera;<br />
(b) menerangkan putaran bumi di atas paksinya yang condong dan peredarannya mengelilingi matahari;<br />
(c) menjelaskan kesan putaran dan peredaran bumi;<br />
(d) menjelaskan kejadian empat musim dan pengaruhnya terhadap unsur fizikal dan aktiviti manusia.<br />
<br />
1.4 Tenaga<br />
<br />
1.4.1 Konsep tenaga<br />
<br />
Calon seharusnya dapat:<br />
(a) mentakrifkan konsep tenaga;<br />
(b) mengenal pasti punca dan jenis tenaga;<br />
1.4.2 Punca dan jenis tenaga<br />
(c) membezakan tenaga eksogenik dengan tenaga endogenik.<br />
<br />
1.5 Peranan tenaga suria terhadap proses fizikal dan hidupan di bumi<br />
<br />
Calon seharusnya dapat:<br />
(a) menghuraikan peranan bahangan suria terhadap tumbuh-tumbuhan, manusia, dan haiwan;<br />
(b) menjelaskan kesan bahangan suria terhadap proses fizikal (kitaran hidrologi, geomorfologi, dan atmosfera).<br />
Menggunakan gambar rajah kitaran yang menunjukkan aliran tenaga<br />
<br />
2 Sistem Geomorfologi<br />
<br />
2.1 Pengenalan kepada proses geomorfologi<br />
<br />
Calon seharusnya dapat:<br />
(a) menerangkan proses geomorfologi (luluhawa, hakisan, pergerakan jisim, pengangkutan, dan pemendapan).<br />
Menggunakan gambar rajah bagi menerangkan proses geomorfologi<br />
<br />
2.2 Konfigurasi bentuk bumi<br />
<br />
Calon seharusnya dapat:<br />
(a) menghuraikan struktur dan kandungan lapisan bumi;<br />
(b) mengenal pasti taburan daratan dan lautan;<br />
Menggunakan maklumat daripada gambar rajah, peta, dan gambar foto<br />
<br />
2.2.1 Batuan<br />
<br />
(c) menyatakan jenis batuan (igneus, enapan, dan metamorfosis);<br />
(d) menghuraikan proses pembentukan jenis batuan;<br />
(e) menjelaskan perkaitan antara jenis batuan dengan konfigurasi bentuk bumi;<br />
(f) mengenal pasti kepentingan batuan sebagai sumber alam;<br />
<br />
2.2.2 Proses endogenetik<br />
<br />
(g) menyatakan konsep dan proses endogenik;<br />
(h) menjelaskan proses pembentukan bentuk bumi lipatan dan kesannya;<br />
(i) menjelaskan proses pembentukan bentuk bumi gelinciran dan kesannya;<br />
(j) menjelaskan proses pembentukan bentuk bumi gunung berapi dan kesannya;<br />
<br />
<br />
2.2.3 Hanyutan benua<br />
<br />
(k) menyatakan Teori Hanyutan Benua (Teori Awal, Teori Peluasan Dasar Lautan, dan Teori Tektonik Plat);<br />
(l) menghuraikan Teori Tektonik Plat;<br />
(m) menghuraikan taburan dan bukti kejadian hanyutan benua.<br />
<br />
2.3 Pembentukan landskap di kawasan tropika lembap<br />
<br />
<br />
2.3.1 Luluhawa<br />
<br />
(a) menghuraikan jenis serta proses luluhawa fizikal (mekanikal), kimia, dan biologi;<br />
(b) menghuraikan faktor yang mempengaruhi luluhawa (iklim, tumbuh-tumbuhan, jenis batuan, mikroorganisma, aktiviti manusia, dan masa);<br />
(c) menjelaskan kesan luluhawa terhadap pembentukan landskap dan aktiviti manusia;<br />
Pengenalan kepada skala dunia dan penekanan kepada proses geomorfologi yang dominan di kawasan tropika lembap<br />
<br />
2.3.2 Pergerakan jisim<br />
<br />
(d) menyatakan jenis pergerakan jisim (aliran cepat dan aliran perlahan);<br />
(e) menghuraikan proses pergerakan jisim;<br />
(f) menjelaskan faktor yang mempengaruhi pergerakan jisim (kecerunan, jenis batuan, hujan, litupan tumbuhan, gerakan tektonik, dan tindakan manusia);<br />
<br />
2.3.3 Lembangan saliran<br />
<br />
(g) menjelaskan kesan pergerakan jisim terhadap alam sekitar fizikal dan aktiviti manusia;<br />
(h) menyatakan konsep lembangan saliran;<br />
<br />
(i) menghuraikan proses hakisan permukaan (hakisan percikan, kepingan, galir, dan galur);<br />
(j) menghuraikan jenis hakisan sungai (melebar, mendalam, dan mengundur);<br />
(k) menghuraikan cara hakisan sungai (hidraul, lelasan/geselan, lagaan, dan larutan);<br />
(l) menghuraikan faktor yang mempengaruhi hakisan sungai (isi padu dan halaju air, kecerunan, bentuk alur, jenis batuan, dan bahan muatan);<br />
(m) mengenal pasti bentuk dan menjelaskan proses pembentukan bentuk muka bumi hakisan sungai (air terjun, jeram, lubuk, gaung, dan lurah);<br />
(n) menghuraikan cara pengangkutan sungai (golekan, loncatan, ampaian, larutan, dan apungan);<br />
(o) menghuraikan faktor yang mempengaruhi pengangkutan sungai (tenaga, cerun, kekasaran alur, halangan, bentuk alur, saiz, dan jenis bahan);<br />
(p) menghuraikan faktor yang mempengaruhi pemendapan sungai (isi padu air, halaju air, kecerunan, bentuk alur, jenis batuan, bahan muatan, dan halangan);<br />
(q) mengenal pasti bentuk dan menjelaskan proses pembentukan bentuk muka bumi pemendapan sungai (dataran banjir, delta, tasik ladam, dan tetambak);<br />
(r) menjelaskan pengaruh bentuk muka bumi hakisan dan pemendapan sungai terhadap aktiviti manusia;<br />
<br />
2.3.4 Pinggir pantai<br />
<br />
(s) menyatakan konsep pinggir pantai dan pantai seimbang;<br />
(t) menghuraikan cara hakisan pantai (hidraul, lelasan, geseran, larutan, dan lagaan);<br />
(u) menghuraikan faktor yang mempengaruhi hakisan pantai (ombak, pantai, arus, bahan mendak, batuan, dan cerun pantai);<br />
(v) mengenal pasti bentuk dan menjelaskan proses pembentukan muka bumi pinggir pantai (tebing tinggi, batu bonjol, tanjung, dan teluk);<br />
(w) menghuraikan cara pengangkutan bahan pantai (hanyutan pesisir pantai, golekan, dan seretan);<br />
(x) menghuraikan faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pengangkutan bahan di pinggir pantai (tenaga, arus, ombak, pasang surut, cerun, halangan, orientasi pantai, saiz bahan, dan jenis bahan);<br />
(y) menghuraikan faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pemendapan (tenaga, arus dan ombak, kecerunan, angin, pasang surut, tumbuhan, orientasi pantai, jenis dan saiz bahan mendak, dan tindakan manusia);<br />
(z) menjelaskan pengaruh bentuk muka bumi hakisan dan pemendapan pantai terhadap aktiviti manusia.<br />
<br />
2.4 Kaitan sistem geomorfologi dengan manusia<br />
<br />
Calon seharusnya dapat:<br />
(a) menjelaskan kaitan sistem geomorfologi dengan aktiviti manusia (pertanian, petempatan, pelancongan, perlombongan, pengangkutan, dan perindustrian).<br />
Kepentingan sistem geomorfologi kepada kehidupan manusia<br />
Tanah tinggi, tanah pamah, pantai, sungai, dan gunung berapi mempengaruhi aktiviti manusia<br />
<br />
2.5 Kemahiran amali sistem geomorfologi<br />
<br />
Calon seharusnya dapat:<br />
(a) mentafsir peta topografi, peta lakar, dan gambar foto;<br />
(b) mengira keluasan, lampauan tegak, kecerunan, dan relief bandingan;<br />
(c) melukis profil rentas dan profil panjang sungai, dan keratan rentas bentuk muka bumi;<br />
(d) menginterpolasi, memplot, dan mentafsir garisan kontur;<br />
(e) mentafsir ciri muka bumi dan saliran;<br />
(f) menjelaskan kaitan sistem geomorfologi<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-19987838093309497512012-05-10T07:38:00.003-07:002012-05-10T07:38:32.910-07:00TUTORIAL BAB 1 2012<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">TUTORIAL 1: SISTEM BUMI<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">TARIKH :<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jelaskan konsep Sistem Alam Sekitar
Fizikal.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sistem
alam sekitar fizikal boleh ditakrifkan sebagai_________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 72pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lengkapkan
rajah yang mewakili k</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">onseptual</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <b>sebuah sistem</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">CIRI-CIRI
DALAM SESUATU SISTEM<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kesemua
sistem mempuyai ciri-ciri yang hampir sama. Antaranya ialah:-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">JENIS-JENIS
SISTEM<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nyatakan
ciri-ciri Sistem Terpencil (Isolated Sistem)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 43.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 43.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 43.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 43.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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style='position:absolute;margin-left:149.25pt;margin-top:1.95pt;width:68.25pt;
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="white" height="37" style="background: white; border: .75pt solid white; vertical-align: top;" width="97"><!--[endif]--><!--[if !mso]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 12;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><!--[endif]-->
<div class="shape" style="padding: 4.35pt 7.95pt 4.35pt 7.95pt;" v:shape="_x0000_s1037">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Sempadan</span></div>
</div>
<!--[if !mso]--></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><!--[endif]--><!--[if !mso & !vml]--> <!--[endif]--><!--[if !vml]--></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<v:textbox>
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<tr>
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<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:
.0001pt;text-align:center'>
<span lang=EN-US>Sistem</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:
.0001pt;text-align:center'>
<span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Terpencil</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>
<span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
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</div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="8" width="144"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img alt="Rounded Rectangle: Sistem
Terpencil
" height="65" src="file:///C:/Users/USER~1.USE/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1036" width="192" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Rajah 1.2 Sistem Terpencil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jelaskan ciri-ciri Sistem Tertutup
(Closed Sistem) <o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ol>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td height="6"></td>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 25.5pt;">
<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Rajah 1.3 Sistem Tertutup<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>Jelaskan
ciri-ciri Sistem Terbuka (Open Sistem )
<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td width="143"></td>
<td width="12"></td>
<td width="7"></td>
<td width="168"></td>
<td width="17"></td>
<td width="12"></td>
<td width="139"></td>
<td width="5"></td>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<tr>
<td height="8"></td>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 169.5pt; text-indent: 10.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rajah
1.4 Sistem Terbuka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">TUTORIAL
2: SISTEM BUMI<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">TARIKH :<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Huraikan
pembahagian Sistem Alam Sekitar Fizikal </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Bumi ini dibahagikan kepada empat iaitu Sistem Geomorfologi, Sistem Atmosfera,
Sistem Hidrologi, dan Sistem Ekologi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Sistem Geomorfologi</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> adalah mengkaji _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Sistem Atmosfera</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> pula mengkaji _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Sistem Hidrologi</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> adalah kajian mengenai
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">d)
Sistem Ekologi </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pula satu sistem yang mengkaji _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-79399971171460625462011-10-04T05:59:00.000-07:002011-10-04T05:59:51.186-07:00PERCUBAAN KELANTAN 2011<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKmXqm-Rbs7RG2M75r_SaqZEwN98AsArLIvGSIe8rKqa1meoXI_0rCdyrHpfOljA1H1KZ-SIURs9hrNzZNCfVGgIa2LXilff0RXZDBDfHPlTXH75x16dmTEyqoeFgTdEpWSjMsD2Zc3b4/s1600/PERCUBAAN+KELANTAN.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKmXqm-Rbs7RG2M75r_SaqZEwN98AsArLIvGSIe8rKqa1meoXI_0rCdyrHpfOljA1H1KZ-SIURs9hrNzZNCfVGgIa2LXilff0RXZDBDfHPlTXH75x16dmTEyqoeFgTdEpWSjMsD2Zc3b4/s320/PERCUBAAN+KELANTAN.png" width="281" /></a></div><br />
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<center><h1><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode';"><span style="color: navy;">The Concept of the Ecosystem</span></span></h1></center><center><b><i><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: maroon;">"I bequeathe myself to the dirt, to grow from the grass I love;</span></span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: maroon;">If you want me again, look for me under your boot-soles."</span></span></i></b><br />
<b><i>- Walt Whitman</i></b></center><b><span style="font-family: Verdana;">In this lesson, we will learn answers to the following questions:</span></b><br />
<ul><li><span style="font-family: Verdana;">What is an ecosystem, and how can we study one?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Is the earth an open or closed system with respect to energy and elements?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana;">How do we define "biogeochemical cycles," and how are they important to ecosystems?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana;">What are the major controls on ecosystem function?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana;">What are the major factors responsible for the differences between ecosystems?</span></li>
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<tr><td width="372"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
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</tbody></table><h3><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Introduction - What is an Ecosystem?</span></h3><span style="font-family: Verdana;">An ecosystem consists of the biological community that occurs in some locale, and the physical and chemical factors that make up its non-living or abiotic environment. There are many examples of ecosystems -- a pond, a forest, an estuary, a grassland. The boundaries are not fixed in any objective way, although sometimes they seem obvious, as with the shoreline of a small pond. Usually the boundaries of an ecosystem are chosen for practical reasons having to do with the goals of the particular study.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The study of ecosystems mainly consists of the study of certain processes that link the living, or biotic, components to the non-living, or abiotic, components. <b><i>Energy transformations</i></b> and<b><i>biogeochemical cycling</i></b> are the main processes that comprise the field of ecosystem ecology. As we learned earlier, ecology generally is defined as the interactions of organisms with one another and with the environment in which they occur. We can study ecology at the level of the individual, the population, the community, and the ecosystem.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Studies of <b><i>individuals</i></b> are concerned mostly about physiology, reproduction, development or behavior, and studies of <b><i>populations</i></b> usually focus on the habitat and resource needs of individual species, their group behaviors, population growth, and what limits their abundance or causes extinction. Studies of <b><i>communities</i> </b>examine how populations of many species interact with one another, such as predators and their prey, or competitors that share common needs or resources.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">In <b><i>ecosystem ecology</i></b> we put all of this together and, insofar as we can, we try to understand how the system operates as a whole. This means that, rather than worrying mainly about particular species, we try to focus on major functional aspects of the system. These <b><i>functional aspects</i></b> include such things as the amount of energy that is produced by photosynthesis, how energy or materials flow along the many steps in a food chain, or what controls the rate of decomposition of materials or the rate at which nutrients are recycled in the system.</span><br />
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<h3><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Components of an Ecosystem</span></h3><span style="font-family: Verdana;">You are already familiar with the parts of an ecosystem. You have learned about climate and soils from past lectures. From this course and from general knowledge, you have a basic understanding of the diversity of plants and animals, and how plants and animals and microbes obtain water, nutrients, and food. We can clarify the parts of an ecosystem by listing them under the headings "abiotic" and "biotic".</span><br />
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<center><table border="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 613px;"><tbody>
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<center><b><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: maroon;">ABIOTIC COMPONENTS</span></span></b></center></td><td valign="CENTER" width="43%"><br />
<center><b><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: green;">BIOTIC COMPONENTS</span></span></b></center></td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="CENTER" width="57%"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: maroon;">Sunlight</span></span></td><td valign="CENTER" width="43%"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: green;">Primary producers</span></span></td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="CENTER" width="57%"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: maroon;">Temperature</span></span></td><td valign="CENTER" width="43%"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: green;">Herbivores</span></span></td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="CENTER" width="57%"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: maroon;">Precipitation</span></span></td><td valign="CENTER" width="43%"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: green;">Carnivores</span></span></td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="CENTER" width="57%"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: maroon;">Water or moisture</span></span></td><td valign="CENTER" width="43%"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: green;">Omnivores</span></span></td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="CENTER" width="57%"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: maroon;">Soil or water chemistry (e.g., P, NH<sub>4</sub>+)</span></span></td><td valign="CENTER" width="43%"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: green;">Detritivores</span></span></td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC" valign="CENTER" width="57%"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: maroon;">etc.</span></span></td><td valign="CENTER" width="43%"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: green;">etc.</span></span></td></tr>
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<center><b><i><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: red;">All of these vary over space/time</span></span></i></b></center></td></tr>
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<div align="left"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">By and large, this set of environmental factors is important almost everywhere, in all ecosystems.</span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Usually, biological communities include the "functional groupings" shown above. A <b><i>functional group</i></b> is a biological category composed of organisms that perform mostly the same kind of function in the system; for example, all the photosynthetic plants or primary producers form a functional group. Membership in the functional group does not depend very much on who the actual players (species) happen to be, only on what function they perform in the ecosystem.</span><br />
</div><h3><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Processes of Ecosystems</span></h3><span style="font-family: Verdana;">This figure with the plants, zebra, lion, and so forth illustrates the two main ideas about how ecosystems function: <b><i>ecosystems have energy flows</i></b> and <b><i>ecosystems cycle materials</i></b>. These two processes are linked, but they are not quite the same (see Figure 1).</span><br />
<center><img height="323" src="http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/ecosystem/zebra2.gif" width="431" /><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Figure 1. Energy flows and material cycles.</span></center><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Energy enters the biological system as light energy, or photons, is transformed into chemical energy in organic molecules by cellular processes including photosynthesis and respiration, and ultimately is converted to heat energy. This energy is dissipated, meaning it is lost to the system as heat; once it is lost it cannot be recycled. Without the continued input of solar energy, biological systems would quickly shut down. Thus the earth is an <b><i>open system</i></b> with respect to energy.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Elements such as carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorus enter living organisms in a variety of ways. Plants obtain elements from the surrounding atmosphere, water, or soils. Animals may also obtain elements directly from the physical environment, but usually they obtain these mainly as a consequence of consuming other organisms. These materials are transformed biochemically within the bodies of organisms, but sooner or later, due to excretion or decomposition, they are returned to an inorganic state. Often bacteria complete this process, through the process called decomposition or mineralization (<i>see previous lecture on microbes</i>).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">During decomposition these materials are not destroyed or lost, so the earth is a <b><i>closed system</i></b>with respect to elements (with the exception of a meteorite entering the system now and then). The elements are cycled endlessly between their biotic and abiotic states within ecosystems. Those elements whose supply tends to limit biological activity are called <b><i>nutrients</i></b>.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The Transformation of Energy</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">The transformations of energy in an ecosystem begin first with the input of energy from the sun. Energy from the sun is captured by the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is combined with hydrogen (derived from the splitting of water molecules) to produce carbohydrates (CHO). Energy is stored in the high energy bonds of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP (see lecture on photosynthesis).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">The prophet Isaah said "all flesh is grass", earning him the title of first ecologist, because virtually all energy available to organisms originates in plants. Because it is the first step in the production of energy for living things, it is called <i><b>primary production </b>(click <a href="http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/energyflow/PSN_primer.html">here</a> for a primer on photosynthesis)</i>. <b><i>Herbivores</i></b> obtain their energy by consuming plants or plant products,<b><i>carnivores</i></b> eat herbivores, and <b><i>detritivores</i></b> consume the droppings and carcasses of us all.</span><br />
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<img align="LEFT" height="436" src="http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/ecosystem/foodchain2.gif" width="246" /><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Figure 2 portrays a simple food chain, in which energy from the sun, captured by plant photosynthesis, flows from<b><i>trophic level</i></b> to trophic level via the <b><i>food chain</i></b>. A trophic level is composed of organisms that make a living in the same way, that is they are all <b><i>primary producers</i></b> (plants),<b><i>primary consumers</i></b> (herbivores) or <b><i>secondary consumers</i></b> (carnivores). Dead tissue and waste products are produced at all levels. Scavengers, detritivores, and decomposers collectively account for the use of all such "waste" -- consumers of carcasses and fallen leaves may be other animals, such as crows and beetles, but ultimately it is the microbes that finish the job of decomposition. Not surprisingly, the amount of primary production varies a great deal from place to place, due to differences in the amount of solar radiation and the availability of nutrients and water.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">For reasons that we will explore more fully in subsequent lectures, <b><i>energy transfer through the food chain is inefficient.</i></b> This means that less energy is available at the herbivore level than at the primary producer level, less yet at the carnivore level, and so on. The result is a pyramid of energy, with important implications for understanding the quantity of life that can be supported.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Usually when we think of food chains we visualize green plants, herbivores, and so on. These are referred to as<b><i>grazer food chains</i></b>, because living plants are directly consumed. In many circumstances the principal energy input is not green plants but dead organic matter. These are called <b><i>detritus food chains</i></b>. Examples include the forest floor or a woodland stream in a forested area, a salt marsh, and most obviously, the ocean floor in very deep areas where all sunlight is extinguished 1000's of meters above. In subsequent lectures we shall return to these important issues concerning energy flow.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"> Finally, although we have been talking about food chains, in reality the organization of biological systems is much more complicated than can be represented by a simple "chain". There are many food links and chains in an ecosystem, and we refer to all of these linkages as a <b><i>food web</i></b>. Food webs can be very complicated, where it appears that <b><i>"everything is connected to everything else"</i></b>, and it is important to understand what are the most important linkages in any particular food web.</span><br />
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<h3><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Biogeochemistry</span></h3><span style="font-family: Verdana;">How can we study which of these linkages in a food web are most important? One obvious way is to study the flow of energy or the cycling of elements. For example, the cycling of elements is controlled in part by organisms, which store or transform elements, and in part by the chemistry and geology of the natural world. The term <b><i>Biogeochemistry</i></b> is defined as the study of how living systems influence, and are controlled by, the geology and chemistry of the earth. Thus biogeochemistry encompasses many aspects of the abiotic and biotic world that we live in.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">There are several main <b><i>principles and tools</i></b> that biogeochemists use to study earth systems. Most of the major environmental problems that we face in our world toady can be analyzed using biogeochemical principles and tools. These problems include global warming, acid rain, environmental pollution, and increasing greenhouse gases. The principles and tools that we use can be broken down into 3 major components: <b><i>element ratios, mass balance, and element cycling</i></b>.</span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana;">1. Element ratios</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">In biological systems, we refer to important elements as <b><i>"conservative"</i></b>. These elements are often nutrients. By "conservative" we mean that an organism can change only slightly the amount of these elements in their tissues if they are to remain in good health. It is easiest to think of these conservative elements in relation to other important elements in the organism. For example, in healthy algae the elements C, N, P, and Fe have the following ratio, called the<b><i>Redfield ratio</i></b> after the oceanographer who discovered it:</span><br />
<br />
<center><b><span style="font-family: Verdana;">C : N : P : Fe = 106 : 16 : 1 : 0.01</span></b></center><b><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: #990000;">Once we know these ratios, we can compare them to the ratios that we measure in a sample of algae to determine if the algae are lacking in one of these limiting nutrients.</span></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana;">2. Mass Balance</span></b><br />
<indent><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Another important tool that biogeochemists use is a simple mass balance equation to describe the state of a system. The system could be a snake, a tree, a lake, or the entire globe. Using a mass balance approach we can determine whether the system is changing and how fast it is changing. The equation is:</span></indent><br />
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<center><b><span style="font-family: Verdana;">NET CHANGE = INPUT + OUTPUT + INTERNAL CHANGE</span></b></center><span style="font-family: Verdana;">In this equation the net change in the system from one time period to another is determined by what the inputs are, what the outputs are, and what the internal change in the system was. The example given in class is of the acidification of a lake, considering the inputs and outputs and internal change of acid in the lake.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana;">3. Element Cycling</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Element cycling describes where and how fast elements move in a system. There are two general classes of systems that we can analyze, as mentioned above:<b><i> closed and open systems.</i></b></span><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana;">A <b>closed system</b> refers to a system where the inputs and outputs are negligible compared to the internal changes. Examples of such systems would include a bottle, or our entire globe. There are two ways we can describe the cycling of materials within this closed system, either by looking at the rate of movement or at the pathways of movement.</span></i><br />
<ol><li><i><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>Rate</b> = number of cycles / time * as rate increases, productivity increases</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>Pathways</b>-important because of different reactions that may occur</span></i></li>
</ol><i><span style="font-family: Verdana;">In an <b>open system</b> there are inputs and outputs as well as the internal cycling. Thus we can describe the rates of movement and the pathways, just as we did for the closed system, but we can also define a new concept called the <b>residence time</b>. The residence time indicates how long on average an element remains within the system before leaving the system.</span></i><br />
<ol><li><b><i><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Rate</span></i></b></li>
<li><b><i><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Pathways</span></i></b></li>
<li><b><i><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Residence time, Rt</span></i></b></li>
</ol><i><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>Rt</b> = total amount of matter / output rate of matter</span></i><i><span style="font-family: Verdana;">(Note that the "units" in this calculation must cancel properly)</span></i><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Controls on Ecosystem Function</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Now that we have learned something about how ecosystems are put together and how materials and energy flow through ecosystems, we can better address the question of "what controls ecosystem function"? There are two dominant theories of the control of ecosystems. The first, called <b>bottom-up control</b>, states that it is the nutrient supply to the primary producers that ultimately controls how ecosystems function. If the nutrient supply is increased, the resulting increase in production of autotrophs is propagated through the food web and all of the other trophic levels will respond to the increased availability of food (energy and materials will cycle faster). </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">The second theory, called <b>top-down control</b>, states that predation and grazing by higher trophic levels on lower trophic levels ultimately controls ecosystem function. For example, if you have an increase in predators, that increase will result in fewer grazers, and that decrease in grazers will result in turn in more primary producers because fewer of them are being eaten by the grazers. Thus the control of population numbers and overall productivity "cascades" from the top levels of the food chain down to the bottom trophic levels.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">So, which theory is correct? Well, as is often the case when there is a clear dichotomy to choose from, the answer lies somewhere in the middle. There is evidence from many ecosystem studies that BOTH controls are operating to some degree, but that NEITHER control is complete. For example, the "top-down" effect is often very strong at trophic levels near to the top predators, but the control weakens as you move further down the food chain. Similarly, the "bottom-up" effect of adding nutrients usually stimulates primary production, but the stimulation of secondary production further up the food chain is less strong or is absent.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">Thus we find that both of these controls are operating in any system at any time, and we must understand the relative importance of each control in order to help us to predict how an ecosystem will behave or change under different circumstances, such as in the face of a changing climate.</span><br />
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<h3><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The Geography of Ecosystems</span></h3><span style="font-family: Verdana;">There are many different ecosystems: rain forests and tundra, coral reefs and ponds, grasslands and deserts. Climate differences from place to place largely determine the types of ecosystems we see. How terrestrial ecosystems appear to us is influenced mainly by the dominant vegetation.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The word "biome" is used to describe a major vegetation type such as tropical rain forest, grassland, tundra, etc., extending over a large geographic area (Figure 3). It is never used for aquatic systems, such as ponds or coral reefs. It always refers to a vegetation category that is dominant over a very large geographic scale, and so is somewhat broader than an ecosystem.</span><br />
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<center><img height="371" src="http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/ecosystem/sectioned2.gif" width="601" /><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>Figure 3</b>: The distribution of biomes.</span></center><span style="font-family: Verdana;">We can draw upon previous lectures to remember that temperature and rainfall patterns for a region are distinctive. Every place on earth gets the same total number of hours of sunlight each year, but not the same amount of heat. The sun's rays strike low latitudes directly but high latitudes obliquely. This uneven distribution of heat sets up not just temperature differences, but global wind and ocean currents that in turn have a great deal to do with where rainfall occurs. Add in the cooling effects of elevation and the effects of land masses on temperature and rainfall, and we get a complicated global pattern of climate.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;">A schematic view of the earth shows that, complicated though climate may be, many aspects are predictable (Figure 4). High solar energy striking near the equator ensures nearly constant high temperatures and high rates of evaporation and plant transpiration. Warm air rises, cools, and sheds its moisture, creating just the conditions for a tropical rain forest. Contrast the stable temperature but varying rainfall of a site in Panama with the relatively constant precipitation but seasonally changing temperature of a site in New York State. Every location has a rainfall- temperature graph that is typical of a broader region.</span><br />
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<center><img height="449" src="http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/ecosystem/bulb2.gif" width="473" /><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>Figure 4.</b> Climate patterns affect biome distributions.</span></center><span style="font-family: Verdana;">We can draw upon plant physiology to know that certain plants are distinctive of certain climates, creating the vegetation appearance that we call biomes. Note how well the distribution of biomes plots on the distribution of climates (Figure 5). Note also that some climates are impossible, at least on our planet. High precipitation is not possible at low temperatures -- there is not enough solar energy to power the water cycle, and most water is frozen and thus biologically unavailable throughout the year. The high tundra is as much a desert as is the Sahara.</span><br />
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<center><img height="370" src="http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/ecosystem/fogreen2.gif" width="388" /><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><b>Figure 5</b>. The distribution of biomes related to temperature and precipitation.</span></center><br />
<h3><span style="font-family: Verdana;"> Summary</span></h3><ul><li><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Ecosystems are made up of abiotic (non-living, environmental) and biotic components, and these basic components are important to nearly all types of ecosystems. Ecosystem Ecology looks at energy transformations and biogeochemical cycling within ecosystems.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Energy is continually input into an ecosystem in the form of light energy, and some energy is lost with each transfer to a higher trophic level. Nutrients, on the other hand, are recycled within an ecosystem, and their supply normally limits biological activity. So, "energy flows, elements cycle".</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Energy is moved through an ecosystem via a food web, which is made up of interlocking food chains. Energy is first captured by photosynthesis (primary production). The amount of primary production determines the amount of energy available to higher trophic levels.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana;">The study of how chemical elements cycle through an ecosystem is termed biogeochemistry. A biogeochemical cycle can be expressed as a set of stores (pools) and transfers, and can be studied using the concepts of "stoichiometry", "mass balance", and "residence time".</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Ecosystem function is controlled mainly by two processes, "top-down" and "bottom-up" controls.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana;">A biome is a major vegetation type extending over a large area. Biome distributions are determined largely by temperature and precipitation patterns on the Earth's surface.</span></li>
</ul><h3><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small;">Review and Self Test</span></h3><ul><li><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/ecosystem/ecosystem_review.htm">Review</a> of main terms and concepts in this lecture.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://lessons.ummu.umich.edu/2k/gc1_self_tests/ecosystems">Self-Test </a>for this lecture.</span></li>
</ul><h4><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Suggested Readings:</span></h4><ul><li><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Borman, F.H. and G.E. Likens. 1970. "The nutrient cycles of an ecosystem." <i>Scientific American,</i> October 1970, pp 92-101. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Wessells, N.K. and J.L. Hopson. 1988. <i>Biology.</i> New York: Random House. Ch. 44.<br />
</span></li>
</ul><div align="center"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">All materials © the Regents of the University of Michigan unless noted otherwise.</span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-14974888692075317422011-08-19T18:22:00.000-07:002011-09-02T19:55:21.450-07:00PERANAN TENAGA SURIA KEPADA SISTEM DAN HIDUPAN DI BUMI<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><b>PERANAN TENAGA SURIA KEPADA SISTEM DAN HIDUPAN DI BUMI</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: arial;"><b>Kepentingan kepada sistem bumi:</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Suria merupakan punca tenaga utama bagi meneruskan kelangsungan proses dalam sistem bumi dan juga kelangsungan hidup manusia, haiwan serta tumbuhan. Peranan tenaga suria kepada sistem bumi meliputi aspek-aspek seperti yang berikut:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Kepentingan kepada sistem atmosfera</span>.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Semua proses dan fenomena dalam atmosfera bermula dengan adanya <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">tenaga haba</span>. Tanpa tenaga haba, tindakan angin,hujan/kerpasan, ribut taufan, petir dan lain-lain lagi tidak akan berlaku.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Contohnya dalam proses <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">kejadian hujan.</span> Bermula dengan tenaga suria yang akan memanaskan permukaan air seperti laut dan sungai.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Tenaga haba yang mencukupi diperlukan untuk membolehkan wap-wap air tersejat ke udara.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Semakin tinggi wap-wap air naik ke udara, proses kondensasi akan berlaku yang menunjukkan tenaga haba dalam jisim udara tersebut semakin berkurangan atau suhu di dalamnya semakin rendah sehingga wap-wap air tadi tepu untuk turun sebagai hujan.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Begitu juga dengn <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">angin,</span> syarat yang membolehkan angin bertiup ialah mesti ada perbezan tekanan udara. Perbezaan tekanan udara ini wujud akibat perbezaan suhu tau tenaga di antara dua tempat.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Mengikut Hukum Boyle, apabila suhu tinggi maka tekanan udara menjadi rendah dan apabila suhu rendah maka tekanan udara menjadi tinggi.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Angin akan bertiup dri tekanan tinggi ke tekanan rendah. Semakin besar perbezaan tekanan ini maka angin akan berukar menjadi ribut, taufan, tornado dan sebagainya.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: arial;"><b>Kepentingan kepada sistem geomorfologi.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Untuk membolehkan semua proses geomorlogi seperti luluhawa,hakisan,pengangkutan,dan pemendapan berlaku mesti adanya <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">tenaga haba</span> dari sinar suria.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Tenaga ini akan bertukar kepada pelbagai bentuk khususnya tenaga potensi dan juga tenaga kinetik.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Kedua-dua tenaga ini menjadi penentu kepada kelangsungan proses-proses geomorfologi di muka bumi ini.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Dalam proses l<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">uluhawa fizikal tenaga suria(haba)</span> diperlukan untuk meningkatkan dan menurunkan suhu mengikut perubahan siang dan malam.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Perubahan tenaga haba ini akan menyebabkan batuan menjadi leburpanas dan sejuk dan seterusnya tersepai. Begitu juga dengan luluhawa kimia, tenaga haba diperlukan untuk membolehkannya beroperasi.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Mengikut prinsip Vant Hoff “syarat mula luluhawa kimia bertindak ialah pada suhu 10℃ dan setiap kali suhu meningkat sebanyak 10℃ maka kadar tindak balas kimia batuan akan turut meningkat 2 atau 3 kali ganda.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Dalam proses <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">hakisan</span> pula, tenaga yang bertindak ialah tenaga kimia yang juga berasal daripada tenaga haba suria yang telah mengalami perubahan.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Semakin laju pergerakan air sama ada sungai,ombak, atau glasier maka tenaga kinetik yang terhasil adalah tinggi dan ini akan menyebabkan kadar hakisan juga menjadi tinggi.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Dalam kes hakisan glasier misalnya, kadar hakisan akan berganda pada musim panas kerana pada masa itu kuantiti glasier yang cair adalah banyak. Kecairan glasier hanya berlaku apabila mempunyai tenaga haba suria yang mencukupi.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: arial;"><b>Kepentingan kepada sistem hidrologi</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Kitaran hidrologi biasanya dimulakan dengan proses sejatan permukaan dan juga sejat-peluhan tumbuhan serta tanih.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Mengikut RJ Chorley (1969) untuk memulakan<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"> sejatan </span>di permukaan air laut, tasik dan sungai memerlukan sejumlah 600 kalori haba bagi setiap satu gram air pada suhu 100°c.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Begitu juga dengan proses sejat-peluh dari tumbuhan dan lembapan tanih.Tumbuhan memerlukan tenaga haba untuk melakukan proses transpirasi bagi membolehkan wap-wap air terbebas menerusi liang stomanya.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Semakin tinggi haba maka kadar transpirasi semakin meningkat.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: arial;"><b>Kepentingan kepada sistem ekologi.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Dalam konteks ekologi, kepentingan tenaga suria boleh dilihat dari 2 aspek iaitu kepentingannya kepada <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">ekosistem</span> dan juga kepentingannya kepada <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">tumbesaran tumbuhan dalam ekosistem.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Ekosistem melibatkan <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">rantaian makanan</span>, untuk membolehkan bekalan tenaga suria yang cukup kepada <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">tumbuhan</span> yang bertindak sebagai pengeluar.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Tanpa tenaga suria tumbuhan tidak dapat melakukan proses fotosintesis untuk membuat makanannya.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: arial;"><b>Tenaga suria juga penting dalam tumbesaran hutan semula jadi.</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Dengan adanya bekalan suhu dan hujan yang cukup ini maka pelbagai pokok kayu keras seperti cengal,seraya dan balau tumbuh dengan baik di samping tumbuhan menumpang dan melilit, spora serta paku pakis dan sebagainya.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Kepelbagaian jenis tumbuhan ini pula telah menjadi habitat pelbagai jenis fauna di dalam ekosistem hutan</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-family: arial;"><b>Kepentingan tenaga suria kepada manusia.</b></span></div><div><br />
</div><div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">1.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Menjalankan aktiviti pertanian.Jumlah tenaga suria yang cukup dipelukan untuk membolehkan tanaman melakukan pelbagai jenis aktiviti.</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">2.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Menjalankan aktiviti pelancongan.Sinar suria amat mempengaruhi nilai suhu setempat dan seterusnya nilai suhu yang berbeza akan mempengaruhi aktiviti pelancongan.</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">3.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Menjalankan aktiviti perikanan.Tenaga suria amat penting dalam mempengaruhi suhu air dan arus laut.Ia akan mewujudkan habitat yang sesuai untuk hidupan.</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">4.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">Menjalankan aktiviti perindustrian.Amat penting bagi industri sederhana seperti aktiviti pengeringan,industri batik dan lain-lain</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></div></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-45472454699984935632011-08-19T08:48:00.000-07:002011-08-19T08:48:45.292-07:00FENOMENA EL NINO<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><br />
<div class="content_title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.met.gov.my/templates/ja_bellatrix/images/dotted_line.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 50% 100%; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: 700; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;">Apakah El Niño?</span></div><div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Setiap tiga ke tujuh tahun, suatu arus laut yang panas menggantikan arus laut yang kebiasaannya sejuk di luar pantai barat Peru, Amerika Selatan. Fenomena lautan yang ini disebut sebagai El Niño. Pemanasan lautan ini didapati berlaku di kawasan yang lebih luas meliputi Pasifik tengah dan timur serta mempunyai kaitan dengan peristiwa cuaca luar biasa yang ketara di tempat-tempat tertentu di dunia seperti banjir yang teruk dan kemarau yang berpanjangan. Di Asia Tenggara, Indonesia dan Australia, berlaku keadaan cuaca lebih kering dari normal sementara di Pasifik tengah dan timur berhampiran khatulistiwa kebiasaannya mengalami keadaan lembap.</div><div align="justify" style="font-size: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></div><div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Secara lazimnya, El Niño berlaku untuk tempoh 9 hingga 18 bulan. Biasanya ia mula terbentuk pada awal tahun, berada di kemuncak pada akhir tahun dan menjadi lemah menjelang awal tahun berikutnya. El Niño yang mempunyai keamatan yang sama tidak semestinya menghasilkan corak iklim yang sama.</div><br />
<div class="content_title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.met.gov.my/templates/ja_bellatrix/images/dotted_line.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 50% 100%; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; font-size: 1.3em; font-weight: 700; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Bagaimana El Niño dikaitkan dengan keadaan atmosfera?</span></div><div align="justify" style="font-size: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Semasa El Niño berlaku, suhu air laut yang lebih panas di Pasifik tengah dan timur membekalkan haba dan lembapan tambahan kepada atmosfera yang berada di atasnya. Ini mendorong pergerakan menaik yang kuat dan dengan demikian merendahkan tekanan permukaan di dalam kawasan berpergerakan menaik itu. Udara lembap yang naik itu terpeluwap lalu membentuk kawasan ribut petir yang luas dan hujan lebat di kawasan berkenaan. Di bahagian barat Pasifik termasuk Malaysia, tekanan atmosfera meningkat, menyebabkan cuaca menjadi lebih kering secara relatifnya.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><tbody style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="font-size: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><img align="left" alt="" height="202" src="http://www.met.gov.my/images/elNinoandlaNina/1b.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" width="305" /></td><td align="justify" rowspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 729px;" valign="top">Semasa El Niño terbentuk,<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"> tekanan permukaan atmosfera rendah terletak di permukaan lautan yang lebih panas ditandakan dengan warna merah di khatulistiwa tengah Pasifik.</span> Semasa ketiadaan El Niño atau keadaan normal, tekanan permukaan atmosfera di Pasifik barat biasanya rendah manakala di tengah dan timur Pasifik adalah tinggi. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e06666;">Dalam keadaan ini, umumnya keadaan kawasan Pasifik barat adalah lembap manakala Pasifik tengah dan timur adalah kering.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="font-size: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Sumber Diagram: NOAA)</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><tbody style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="font-size: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><img align="left" alt="" height="202" src="http://www.met.gov.my/images/elNinoandlaNina/2b.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" width="305" /></td><td align="justify" style="font-size: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 729px;" valign="top">Corak tekanan permukaan atmosfera yang berselang-seli di kawasan tropika Lautan Pasifik, yang mana keadaan lautan bertukar dari El Niño kepada keadaan normal dan sebaliknya dikenali sebagai Ayunan Selatan (SO). Gandingan hubungan di antara atmosfera dan lautan semasa kejadian El Niño ini dikenali sebagai El Niño-Ayunan Selat</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-64061788576919089662011-08-19T03:54:00.000-07:002011-08-19T03:55:57.758-07:00KESAN RUMAH HIJAU<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">KESAN RUMAH HIJAU ( GREEENHOUSE EFFECTS)</span></b></span><br />
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Isu tenaga dan alam sekitar mula diminati pada awal tahun 1980 apabila penggunaan tenaga didapati berkait rapat dengan peningkatan suhu dunia. Suhu purata permukaan bumi meningkat sebanyak 0.6oc dari tahun 1960-1990 berbanding 0.2oc dari tahun 1860-1960 dan 0.1oc seratus tahun sebelumnya. Ahli sains membuktikan bahawa kebanyakan gas yang dihasilkan daripada pembakaran bahan api fosil seperti karbon dioksida adalah penyebab utama penongkatan suhu yang menyebabkan berlakunya pemanasan global. <br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d;">FAKTOR DAN KESAN</span><br />
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Bumi bersuhu purata 15 darjah Celcius walaupun matahari bersuhu purata 6000 darjah Celcius. Imbangan di antara sinaran yang diterima dan dipantulkan oleh bumi bergantung kepada atmosfera. Awan dan permukaan bumi akan memantulkan kembali sinaran matahari ke angkasa lepas menjadikan bumi sedikit dingin.<br />
Kehadiran ‘gas rumah hijau’ (CO2, wap air, metana, nitrat, dll) menyebabkan penyerapan cahaya yang tinggi dalam atmosfera menjadikan bumi bertambah panas. Komponen gas rumah hijau yang paling banyak dalam atmosfera ialah CO2. Dikatakan kehadiran gas-gas rumah hijau ini adalah hasil daripada perbuatan dan aktivit manusia sendiri demi pembangunan global.<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d;">Komponen gas -gas rumah hijau</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f;">· Karbon dioksida</span><a href="http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2.html"> (CO2)</a>: CO2 memasuki atmosfera melalui pembakaran bahan api berfosil (HC seperti petroleum, gas asli, dan arang batu), sisa pepejal, hutan, sisa-sisa kimia yang aktif (i.e. pembuatan simen). CO2 dikitarkan semula di dalam atmosfera sebagai salah satu komponen dalam Kitaran Biologi Karbon.<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d;">· <a href="http://stag3072.bravehost.com/globalwarming/image/movieclip/GreenhouseGasesMethane.mpg">Metana (CH4)</a>:</span> Metana dibebaskan semasa penjanaan, produksi, dan penghasilan arang batu, gas asli, dan minyak HC, juga daripada aktiviti pertanian serta emisi gas daripada haiwan perternakan seperti kambing biri-biri dan sebagainya.<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d;">· Nitrat oksida (N2O)</span>: Nitrat oksida dibebaskan ke atmosfera melalui emisi gas daripada aktiviti pertanian, perternakan, industri serta pereputan sisa pepejal. · Gas berfluorin: Hidrofluorokarbon, perfluorokarbon, dan sulfur hexafluorida adalah sintetik, dan merupakan gas-gas rumah hijau yang teremisi daripada pelbagai proses industri. Gas-gas berfluorin dibebaskan ke atmosfera dan menjadi punca penipisan lapisan ozon (i.e. CFC, HCFC, and halon). Gas-gas ini umumnya teremisi dalam kuantiti yang kecil, namun kemudaratan gas-gas ini kadang-kala diklasifikasikan sebagai High Global Warming Potential gases (“High GWP gases”).<br />
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<img src="http://stag3072.bravehost.com/globalwarming/image/ghe_clip_image002.jpg" /><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d;">Impak Rumah Hijau</span><br />
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Kenaikan suhu bumi<br />
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Perubahan cuaca yang melampau (taufan, banjir, tanah runtuh, dll.)<br />
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Peningkatan aras laut akibat pencairan glasier, akibat pemanasan global<br />
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Kemarau<br />
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Kandungan CO2 yang tinggi dalam atmosfera<br />
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Peningkatan emisi gas-gas rumah hijau di negara-negara yang sedang membangun<br />
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Penipisan lapisan ozon<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-60853370729699889572011-08-18T16:29:00.001-07:002011-08-18T16:29:35.841-07:00GUNUNG BERAPI<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cccccc;"></span><br />
<center><h1><span style="font-family: Heather;"><span>Gunung berapi.</span></span></h1></center><center><span style="font-family: Heather;"><span>Oleh Mohamed Yosri Mohamed Yong</span></span></center><blockquote>Bagi penduduk <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/NegaraMalaysia.htm" style="text-decoration: none;">Malaysia</a>, kita beruntung disebabkan kita berada jauh daripada kawasan gunung berapi. <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/NegaraMalaysia.htm" style="text-decoration: none;">Malaysia</a> tidak terdedah kepada ancaman bencana alam gunung berapi, bagaimanapun kita perlu tahu mengenai gunung berapi untuk memahami bumi dan alam sekitar kita. Selain itu, negara<a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/NegaraIndonesia.html" style="text-decoration: none;">Indonesia</a> yang merupakan jiran <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/NegaraMalaysia.htm" style="text-decoration: none;">Malaysia</a>, turut mempunyai beberapa gunung berapi yang aktif. Gunung berapi terdapat di seluruh dunia, tetapi lokasi gunung berapi yang paling dikenali adalah gunung berapi yang berada di sepanjang lingkaran Cincin Api Pasifik. "Pacific Ring of Fire". Lingkaran Cincin Api Pasifik merupakan sempadan pertembungan antara dua plak tetonik.Lingkaran Cincin Api Pasifik terletak sepanjang pantai barat Tengah dan Selatan Amerika, Jepun, dan <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/NegaraFilipina.htm" style="text-decoration: none;">Filipina</a>, merentasi New Zealand, ke lautan Atlantik. Gunung berapi juga wujud di tengah laut sepanjang rabung laut. Rabung Tengah Atlantik merupakan contoh gunung berapi dasar laut. Apabila gunung berapi dasar laut ini meletus, lava mengalir keluar dan membentuk dasar lautan. Gunung berapi juga boleh terbentuk selain dari di kawasan sempadan plat tetonik, sebagai contohnya gunung berapi Hawai.<br />
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<h2><i><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKitaranHayat.htm#Kandungan" style="text-decoration: none;">Kitaran hayat gunung berapi</a></i></h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKitaranHayat.htm#Gunung berapi aktif" style="text-decoration: none;">Gunung berapi aktif.</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKitaranHayat.htm#Gunung berapi pendam" style="text-decoration: none;">Gunung berapi pendam.</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKitaranHayat.htm#Gunung berapi mati" style="text-decoration: none;">Gunung berapi mati.</a></li>
</ul><br />
Gunung berapi terdapat dalam beberapa bentuk sepanjang kitaran hayatnya. <a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKitaranHayat.htm#Gunung berapi aktif" style="text-decoration: none;">Gunung berapi yang aktif</a> mungkin bertukar menjadi separuh aktif, <a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKitaranHayat.htm#Gunung berapi pendam" style="text-decoration: none;">menjadi pendam</a>, sebelum akhirnya menjadi tidak aktif atau mati. Bagaimanapun gunung berapi mampu menjadi pendam selama tempoh 610 tahun sebelum bertukar menjadi aktif semula. Oleh itu, sukar untuk menentukan keadaan sebenar sesuatu gunung berapi itu, samada ia dalam <a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKitaranHayat.htm#Gunung berapi pendam" style="text-decoration: none;">tempoh pendam</a> atau<a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKitaranHayat.htm#Gunung berapi mati" style="text-decoration: none;">telah mati</a>.<br />
<center><img alt="Kitaran letusan gunung berapi." height="296" src="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/GunungBerapiMeletup.gif" width="480" /></center>Gunung berapi mampu menyebabkan banyak kerosakan harta benda apabila ia meletus. Bagaimanapun, secara amnya tanah di sekitar gunung berapi menjadi amat subur dan sesuai untuk tanaman Oleh itu, ramai manusia yang menyambung nyawa untuk menetap berhampiran dengan gunung berapi untuk mengusahakan tanaman bagi menyara hidup mereka. Oleh itu amatlah penting bagi manusia untuk cuba menjangkakan bila gunung berapi akan meletus.<br />
Apabila sesebuah gunung berapi itu meletus pelbagai jenis batu dan debu dihasilkan yang dikenali dengan pelbagai nama, antaranya adalah gas, abu, lapilli dan bom. Lapilli adalah bahan-bahan pepejal yang mempunyai diameter antara 4-32 mm. Manakala bom pula adalah pepejal yang lebih kasar daripada 32mm.<br />
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<h2><b><i><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiJenis.htm#Kandungan" style="text-decoration: none;">Jenis dan ciri-ciri gunung berapi.</a></i></b></h2>Gunung berapi dibahagikan kepada beberapa jenis bergantung kepada jenis dan kelikatan magma yang membentuk gunung berapi itu. Antara jenis-jenis gunung berapi adalah seperti berikut :-<blockquote><ul><li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiJenis.htm#Gunung berapi lava asid" style="text-decoration: none;">Gunung berapi lava asid</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiJenis.htm#Gunung berapi lava bes" style="text-decoration: none;">Gunung berapi lava bes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiJenis.htm#Gunung berapi komposit" style="text-decoration: none;">Gunung berapi komposit</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiJenis.htm#Gunung berapi abu dan sinder" style="text-decoration: none;">Gunung berapi abu dan sinder</a></li>
</ul></blockquote><h2><b><i>Bentuk mukabumi oleh gunung berapi.</i></b></h2><br />
Apabila magma disejukkan dalam <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/DaftarB.htm#Bumi" style="text-decoration: none;">bumi</a> sebelum dikeluarkan, magma ini akan membentuk pelbagai bentuk muka <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/DaftarB.htm#Bumi" style="text-decoration: none;">bumi</a> yang dikenali sebagai bentuk muka bumi jalar dalam. Bentuk muka bumi jalar dalam akan kelihatan apabila pergerakan air dan perubahan iklim telah menghakis dan mendedahkan nya pada permukaan <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/DaftarB.htm#Bumi" style="text-decoration: none;">bumi</a>. Antara jenis-jenis bentuk muka bumi jalar dalam adalah :-<br />
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<blockquote><ul><li>Sil</li>
<li>Daik</li>
<li>Batolitos</li>
<li>Lakolitos</li>
<li>Lapolitos</li>
<li>Paklitos</li>
</ul></blockquote><h3><b>Sil</b></h3>Sil adalah batuan igneus yang berkedudukannya selari dengan rataan lapis. Sil mempunyai ketebalan berbeza-beza dari beberapa meter. Sil yang mengalami penggondolan akan membentuk air terjun atau jeram jika ia merentasi sungai. Sil yang besar mungkin membentuk penara. Contoh, Great Whim Sil di Northumberland, <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/NegaraUnitedKingdom.html" style="text-decoration: none;">England</a>.<br />
<h3><b>Daik</b></h3>Merupakan batuan jalar dalam yang terbentuk kerana magma yang menaik telah membeku di dalam rekahan batuan. Biasanya ia bersudut tepat dengan rataan lapis dan terbentuk tembok tegak. Daik yang terdedah membentuk rabung atau permatang yang kukuh. Daik juga mewujudkan air terjun atau jeram di dalam sungai dan membentuk tebing tinggi di pinggir laut. Contohnya, pantai selatan Cheng Chau di <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/NegaraHongKong.html" style="text-decoration: none;">Hong Kong</a>.<br />
<h3><b>Batolitos</b></h3>Adalah bentuk batuan jalar dalam yang sangat besar dan terletak paling jauh dari permukaan bumi. Batolitos yang terdedah akan membentuk banjaran gunung yang besar, penara dan bukit-bukit terpencil. Contohnya, Dartmoor Dome di <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/NegaraUnitedKingdom.html" style="text-decoration: none;">England</a> dan Gunung Ledang di <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/NegaraMalaysia.htm" style="text-decoration: none;">Semenanjung Malaysia</a>.<br />
<h3><b>Lakolitos</b></h3>Berbentuk kubah dan terdapat selari dengan rataan lapis. Jika terdedah akan membentuk bukit bulat yang rendah. Contohnya, Gunung Henry di Utara<a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/NegaraAmerikaSyarikat.html" style="text-decoration: none;">Amerika Syarikat</a>.<br />
<h3><b>Lapolitos</b></h3>Terbentuk daripada magma jalar dalam yang telah membeku di dalam kerak bumi secara mendatar dan membentuk piring. Bahagian atas di sebelah tengah lapolit ini membentuk satu lembangan cetek. Contohnya, Bushreld Compleks di Transvaal Afrika Selatan.<br />
<h3><b>Paklitos</b></h3>Berbentuk seperti kanta dan terjadi secara mendatar di antara lapisan lipatan batuan di puncak lintap mungkum atau di bawah bahagian lintap lendut. Contohnya, Bukit Corndon di <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/NegaraUnitedKingdom.html" style="text-decoration: none;">England</a>.<br />
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<h2><b><i><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiMengesanLetupan.htm#Kandungan" style="text-decoration: none;">Cara menentukan bila gunung berapi akan meletus.</a></i></b></h2>Pada masa sekarang, disebabkan peningkatan jumlah penduduk, dan oleh sebab faktor ekonomi yang lain, semakin ramai manusia yang tinggal berhampiran dengan <a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapi.htm#Kandungan" style="text-decoration: none;">gunung berapi</a>. Malah sesetengah <a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapi.htm#Kandungan" style="text-decoration: none;">gunung berapi</a> telah menjadi tarikan pelancung yang mendaki <a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapi.htm#Kandungan" style="text-decoration: none;">gunung berapi</a> itu untuk melawat kawah <a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapi.htm#Kandungan" style="text-decoration: none;">gunung berapi</a>. Disebabkan itu, adalah penting untuk pakar sains menjangkakan bila sesebuah <a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapi.htm#Kandungan" style="text-decoration: none;">gunung berapi</a> itu akan meletus. Ini agar mereka dapat memberikan amaran awal, dengan itu dapat mengelakkan kehilangan jiwa yang besar. Terdapat beberapa cara bagi pakar sains untuk menjangkakan bila sesebuah <a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapi.htm#Kandungan" style="text-decoration: none;">gunung berapi</a> akan meletus yang secara kasarnya dibahagi secara geofizikal dan secara kimia.<br />
<blockquote><ul><li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiMengesanLetupan.htm#Teknik geofizikal" style="text-decoration: none;">Peralatan geofizikal.</a></li>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiMengesanLetupan.htm#Grafgempa Seismograf" style="text-decoration: none;">Graft gempa (Seismograf)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiMengesanLetupan.htm#Meter Sendeng" style="text-decoration: none;">Meter Sendeng "Tiltmeter"</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiMengesanLetupan.htm#Meter Condong Tiltmeter" style="text-decoration: none;">Pengukur graviti "Gravitimeter"</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiMengesanLetupan.htm#Pengukur magnetik Megnometer." style="text-decoration: none;">Pengukur magnetik "Megnometer".</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiMengesanLetupan.htm#Pengawasan infra-merah." style="text-decoration: none;">Pengawasan infra-merah.</a></li>
</ul><li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiMengesanLetupan.htm#Teknik kimia." style="text-decoration: none;">Secara kimia.</a></li>
</ul></blockquote><h2><b><i><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKemusnahan.htm#Kandungan" style="text-decoration: none;">Kemusnahan oleh gunung berapi</a></i></b></h2>Sesebuah gunung berapi itu mampu mendatangkan kemusnahan bukan sahaja pada kawasan sekitarnya, tetapi juga kepada kawasan yang terletak beribu-ribu kilometer darinya. Antara kemusnahan yang mampu dilakukan oleh sesebuah gunung berapi adalah melalui cara berikut :-<br />
<blockquote><ul><li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKemusnahan.htm#Aliran lava" style="text-decoration: none;">Aliran lava</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKemusnahan.htm#Letusan" style="text-decoration: none;">Letusan gunung berapi.</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKemusnahan.htm#Aliran lumpur" style="text-decoration: none;">Aliran lumpur</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKemusnahan.htm#Abu" style="text-decoration: none;">Abu</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKemusnahan.htm#Kebakaran" style="text-decoration: none;">Kebakaran</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKemusnahan.htm#Gas beracun" style="text-decoration: none;">Gas beracun</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKemusnahan.htm#Gelombang tsunami" style="text-decoration: none;">Gelombang tsunami</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiKemusnahan.htm#Gempa bumi." style="text-decoration: none;">Gempa bumi</a></li>
</ul></blockquote><h2><b><i>Faedah dari gunung berapi</i></b></h2>Sesebuah gunung berapi bukan sahaja membawa kemusnahan, tetapi juga mampu memberikan faedah kepada penduduk sekitarnya selepas bahaya letupan gunung berapi telahpun berakhir. Sesebuah gunung berapi mampu memberikan faedah kepada penduduk dengan cara berikut :-Tanih yang terbentuk daripada letusan <a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGunungBerapiJenis.htm#Gunung berapi lava bes" style="text-decoration: none;">gunung berapi lava bes</a> kaya dengan pelbagai mineral. Tanih gunung berapi ini sangat sesuai untuk kegiatan pertanian. Contohnya seperti di Dataran Tinggi Deccan di India subur untuk tanaman kapas. Di Jawa, kawasan gunung berapi diteres untuk tanaman padi.<br />
Mata air panas dan geiser gunung berapi boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan tenaga geotermal. Paip akan ditanam jauh ke dalam tanah untuk memanaskan air untuk menghasilkan wap bagi menjalankan turbine dan seterusnya menghasilkan kuala eletrik.<br />
Mata air panas juga dipercayai boleh mengubati penyakit kulit. Mata air panas juga juga menjadi tarikan kepeda pelancong. Mata air panas dan geiser banyak terdapat di Daerah Rotorua diNew Zealand, Yellowstone di <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/NegaraAmerikaSyarikat.html" style="text-decoration: none;">Amerika Syarikat</a>, Pulau Jawa-Indonesia dan Jepun.<br />
Aktiviti gunung berapi membentuk genahaqr (kawah gunung berapi) yang amat besar. Genahar ini akan mewujudkan tasik-tasik yang besar dan luas. Contohnya Danau Toba di Sumatera dan Tasik Crater di <a href="http://w3.spancity.com/yosri/NegaraAmerikaSyarikat.html" style="text-decoration: none;">Amerika Syarikat</a>. Tasik genahar ini menjadi daya tarikan pelancong.<br />
Gunung berapi bawah laut dan di pinggir laut juga mampu membentuk tanah baru hasil magma yang keluar dari perut bumi dan masuk kelaut. Sebagai contoh, kepulauan Hawai terbentuk daripada aktiviti gunung berapi yang terletak di Rabung Tengah Atlantik. Gunung berapi ini mengeluarkan magma, dengan itu membentuk kepulauan yang boleh didiami oleh manusia.<br />
<h2><b><i>Gunung berapi terkemuka</i></b></h2><br />
Antara gunung berapi yang terkemuka akibat kemusnahannya dilakukan oleh mereka adalah seperti berikut.<br />
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<li>Gunung Vesuvius</li><br />
<li>Gunung Krakatoa</li><br />
<li>Gunung Pelee</li><br />
<li>Gunung Soufriere</li><br />
</blockquote><h2><b><i><span>Langkah berjaga-jaga.</span></i></b></h2><br />
Bagi mereka yang tinggal berhampiran dengan gunung berapi, mereka perlu mengambil langkah berjaga-jaga untuk menghadapi letusan gunung berapi. Semua bangunan baru mestilah dibina pada lokasi tanah tinggi dan bukannya dicelah lereng yang akan menjadi laluan lava atau banjir lumpur. Bangunan tersebut juga mestilah tahan <a href="http://www.oocities.org/semua_hal/FaktaGempaBumi.htm#Kandungan" style="text-decoration: none;">gempa bumi</a>. Sistem amaran awal perlu di pasang dan dikendalikan secara berterusan. Penduduk sekitar perlu mematuhi sistem amaran awal dan mesti sanggup berpindah keluar bandar sekiranya diminta berbuat demikian. Penduduk mestilah mempunyai perancangan awal dan menyimpan peralatan kecermasan seperti peta, lampu picit, dan bekalan perubatan. Mereka juga perlu tahu tempat yang perlu di tuju sekiranya diminta berpindah keluar dari bandar tersebut.<br />
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</div></blockquote>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-22274857579089622512011-08-18T08:31:00.000-07:002011-08-18T08:33:45.489-07:00HUJAN ASID<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #006699;"></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-large;">HUJAN ASID</span></div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">Air hujan secara semulajadi adalah berasid. Ini disebabkan oleh air hujan yang turun akan bergabung dengan karbon dioksida dan gas-gas berasid yang terdapat di atmosfera. Walau bagaimanapun, disebabkan oleh permintaan dalam bidang industri maka penggunaan tenaga elektrik dan kereta telah menyebabkan bahan api fosil dibakar secara berleluasa. Pembakaran bahan api fosil ini akan menghasilkan berjuta-juta ton sulfur dioksida dan nitrogen oksida ke udara. Gas-gas ini apabila bergabung dengan air hujan akan menghasilkan hujan asid.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Punca-punca Hujan Asid</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;">Kejadian hujan asid boleh berpunca daripada aktiviti manusia atau pun berlaku secara semula jadi</span><br />
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<u><span style="font-size: medium;">Punca daripada kegiatan manusia</span></u><br />
</span><br />
<ol><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Kegiatan industri</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">: menghasilkan sulfur dioksida dan nitrogen melalui pembakaran bahan api fosil di kilang-kilang dan pembakaran arang batu bermutu rendah menyebabkan pembebasan gas sulfur dioksida yang banyak ke atmosfera.</span></span></li>
<span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> </span>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;">Proses peleburan bijih timah : peleburan yang banyak akan membebaskan gas sulfur dioksida terutamanya peleburan timah kuprum.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;">Aktiviti sistem pengangkutan : asap ekzos membebaskan gas nitrogen dioksida dan nitrik oksida semasa pembakaran pada suhu tinggi di silinder kereta.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Kegiatan pertanian : penggunaan baja nitrogen akan menghasilkan gas nitrogen, pembakaran terbuka bungkusan plastik baja dan sisa kayu membebaskan sulfur dioksida dan pereputan najis lembu akan membebaskan gas metana dan oksida nitrus menyebabkan hujan asid nitrik.</span> </span></li>
</span></ol><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span"></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="height: 19px; left: 66px; position: absolute; top: 810px; width: 892px; z-index: 1;"> </div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Kesan Hujan Asid</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;">Hujan asid mendatangkan pelbagai kemudaratan terhadap beberapa aspek tertentu iaitu dari aspek kesihatan, kesuburan tanah dan tumbuhan, ekosistem akuatik dan bangunan serta peralatan bangunan.</span><br />
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<u><span style="font-size: medium;">Kesihatan</span></u><br />
<ul><li><span style="font-size: medium;">Memudaratkan golongan tidak kira tua mahu pun muda terhadap penyakit athsma, bagi kanak-kanak pula fenomena ini boleh menyebabkan sakit batuk, alergi dan selesema.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Gas sulfur dioksida adalah merupakan agen kepada beberapa penyakit kepada manusia seperti sakit dada, tulang, batuk, sakit kerongkong, barah kolon dan barah payu dara.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Air dan hujan asid yang bercampur dengan plumbum, kadmium dan aluminium berbahaya kepada manusia apabila diminum di mana boleh menyebabkan cirit birit di kalangan kanak-kanak, gangguan saraf dan membahayakan otak.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Aluminium pula boleh menyebabkan penyakit alzheimer (berkait dengan hilang ingatan)</span></li>
</ul><u><span style="font-size: medium;">Terhadap tanah dan tumbuhan</span></u><br />
<ul><li><span style="font-size: medium;">Menyebabkan kemusnahan hutan kerana terkena hujan asid; eg. 70% hutan di Czechslovakia musnah akibat hujan asid ini.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Kandungan alkali dan asid dalam tanah menjadi tidak seimbang dan mempengaruhi keseimbangan dan kestabilan tanah.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Nilai pH kurang daripada 6 akan menyebabkan bahan-bahan organik tanah mati, maka tanah ini menjadi tidak subur dengan ketiadaan nutrien di dalamnya.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Memusnahkan fungsi daun.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Pokok mati kerana asid bertindak balas dengan nutrien dalam tanah dan mengurangkan kesuburan tanah.</span></li>
</ul><u><span style="font-size: medium;">Ekosistem akuatik</span></u><br />
<ul><li><span style="font-size: medium;">Tumbuhan dalam tasik dan hidupan plankton termusnah akibat penurunan nilai pH air tasik (kurang daripada 5), ini akan mengganggu kelancaran pembiakan ikan dan amfibia.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Ikan dan udang secara tidak langsung merupakan ancaman kepada manusia di mana kandungan raksa dan asid sulfurik yang tinggi meresap masuk ke dalam kulit haiwan ini.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Air sungai dan laut menjadi berasid pada pH 5 membunuh hidupan akuatik seperti ikan (atau mana-mana binatang yang bergantung kepada ikan akan mati juga eg. burung laut); berlaku di Tasik Minnesota di mana hujan asid ini telah memusnahkan 140 buah tasik di situ.</span></li>
</ul><u><span style="font-size: medium;">Bangunan dan peralatan bangunan</span></u><br />
<ul><li><span style="font-size: medium;">Hujan asid yang turun ke bumi akan terkumpul menjadi pemndapan berasid, ini akan mempercepatkan kadar hakisan dan pengaratan barangan besi.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Meluntur dan merosakkan cat kereta.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Batuan dan binaan bangunan menjadi lemah dan rapuh serta mempercepatkan hakisan bangunan.</span></li>
</ul></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="height: 38px; left: -44px; position: absolute; top: 1127px; width: 892px;"><div align="center"> </div></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><u>Punca semulajadi</u></span><br />
<ol><li><span style="font-size: medium;">Letupan gunung berapi membebaskan gas sulfur dioksida, nitrogen dioksida, karbon dioksida dan karbon monoksida.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Penguraian bahan organik : aktiviti bakteria dalam tanah menukarkan nitrat kepada nitrit dan menghasilkan gas nitrogen semasa hujan kilat. Selain itu, penguraian bahan organik dan najis haiwan oleh bakteria anaerobik mengakibatkan penurunan sulfur seperti desulfovibrio di mana ianya menukarkan sulfat kepada hidrogen sulfida. Anaerobik beerti dalam keadaan tidak beroksigen biasanya di kawasan air bertakung seperti di kawasan tanah lembap. Dalam proses penurunan sulfat ini, bakteria mendapatkan tenaga untuk hidup. Hidrogen sulfida bergabung dengan oksigen (udara) untuk membentuk sulfur dioksida. Sulfur dioksida ini bertindak balas dengan air hujan dan menghasilkan hujan asid.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Semburan Lautan : lautan memang kaya dengan kandungan klorida dan sulfat yang terdapat di atas permukaan atau di bawah lautan. Fitoplankton marin adalah merupakan sumber penting dalam edaran sulfur di lautan di mana ianya akan membebaskan bahan sulfur yang mudah meruap seperti dimethylsulfida (DMS). Kandungan DMS di udara akan dioksidakan kepada sulfat dan menghasilkan hujan asid. Fitoplankton membebaskan DMS untuk melindungi diri daripada kesan negatif kemasinan tinggi lautan dan kesan pembekuan.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Kebakaran hutan membebaskan gas-gas pencemar seperti gas nitrogen dioksida</span></li>
</ol><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br />
</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Langkah-langkah Mengatasi Hujan Asid</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;">Bagi menangani masalah hujan asid yang kian hangan melanda dunia, sejajar dengan perkembangan sains dan teknologi, beberapa langkah selamat boleh dijalankan.</span><br />
<ul><li><span style="font-size: medium;">Tasik yang tercemar boleh dipulih melalui proses liming di mana batu kapur merupakan bahan utama dan diletakkan ke dalam air tasik yang berasid untuk dineutralkan; eg. tasik-tasik di West Wales, Canada telah menjalankan proses membaik pulih tasik-tasik yang telah tercemar, pH tasik ini 5.5 - 7.0.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Menghadkan pelepasan gas pencemar udara ke atmosfera dengan menggunakan bahan api yang rendah kandungan sulfur dan secara tidak langsung boleh mengurangkan gas sulfur dioksida.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Memperkenalkan pemasangan '<i>scrubbers</i>' di cerobong asap di kilang-kilang untuk menapis gas sulfur dioksida.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Penggunaan sistem denitrifikasi dan dinyahsulfur, contohnya arang batu direnyukkan dan dicampurkan dengan batu kapur, dengan ini, kandungan sulfur dalam arang batu akan bertingdak balas dengan kalsium karbonat dan menghasilkan kalsium sulfat dan gypsum sebagai hasil sampingan.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Mempertingkatkan lagi teknologi '<i>flash smelting</i>' yang sering digunakan oleh pelebur kuprum, pembebasan sulfur dioksida global dapat dikurangkan 5-10 ton setahun.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Menggalakkan pemasangan pengubah bermangkin (catalytic converter) pada enjin kenderaan, ini dapat mengurangkan gas NO<sub>x</sub>sebanyak 90% di mana gas pencemar dapat diubah sebelum dilepaskan ke atmosfera. Ini bertujuan untuk mengurangkan gas karbon monoksida dan nitrogen oksida asap ekzos.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Dari segi perundangan, boleh ditingkatkan lagi mengenai pengawalan pencemaran alam sekitar.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Sebagai individu, kita perlu sentiasa memastikan kenderaan kita dalam keadaan yang baik memandangkan bilangan kenderaan berdaftar di Malaysia adalah semakin meningkat.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">Bagi meningkatkan kesedaran dalam masyarakat, perlu adakan kempen, ceramah atau pun aktiviti kemasyarakatan bagi memastikan setiap individu dalam sesuatu masyarakat memainkan peranan untuk memelihara alam sekitar.</span></li>
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</span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-58343310451888369852010-12-05T19:47:00.001-08:002010-12-05T19:49:41.664-08:00TAJUK - TAJUK PENTING 2010<div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal">TAJUK – TAJUK PENTING 2010</div><div class="MsoNormal">GEOGRAFI 1</div><div class="MsoNormal">ALAM SEKITAR FIZIKAL</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal">TEMA 1 :SISTEM BUMI</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">(a) Kejadian soltis musim dingin</li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;"> (b) Maksud sistem suria</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;"> (c) Mengapa bumi mengalami empat musim</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;"> (d) Kesan peredaran bumi terhadap habitat haiwan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;"> (e) Kesan penerimaan intensity bahangan suria yang rendah terhadap aktiviti</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;"> Manusia di kawasan beriklim hawa sederhana</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;"><br />
</div><ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"> (a) Jenis –jenis tenaga di dalam system bumi</li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">(b) Peranan tenaga dalam mewujudkan proses kitaran hidrologi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> (c)Kepentingan tenaga suria terhadap aktiviti manusia di kawasan tropika </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Lembab</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">TEMA 2 : SISTEM GEOMOFORLOGI</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"> (a) Lingkaran gunung berapi dunia</li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 73.5pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 73.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt;">(b)<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span dir="LTR">Pembentukan gunung berapi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 73.5pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 73.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt;">(c)<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span dir="LTR">Bentuk muka bumi yang dihasilkan oleh gunung berapi dan kesannya terhadap manusia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"> (a) Kajian luar di satu kawasan lembangan sungai</li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 73.5pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 73.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt;">(b)<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span dir="LTR">Konsep hakisan sungai/jenis hakisan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 73.5pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 73.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt;">(c)<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span dir="LTR">Faktor-faktor hakisan sungai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 73.5pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 73.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt;">(d)<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span dir="LTR">Pencemaran sungai akibat akitivti manusia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">(a) Luluhawa biologi</li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 73.5pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 73.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt;">(b)<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span dir="LTR">Faktor manusia meneyebabkan luluhawa </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 73.5pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 73.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt;">(c)<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span dir="LTR">Langkah-langlah mengatasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">TEMA 3 : SISTEM ATMOSFERA</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in;">(a) Amali – rajah tiupan angina</li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 73.5pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 73.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt;">(b)<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span dir="LTR">bayu laut dan bayu darat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 73.5pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 73.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt;">(c)<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span dir="LTR">kejadian siklon/ribut petir</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 73.5pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 73.5pt; text-indent: -19.5pt;">(d)<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span dir="LTR">Kesan –kesan terhadap manusia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">TEMA 4 : SISTEM HIDROLOGI</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in;">(a) Kitaran hidrologi</li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">(b) proses menegak dan proses mendatar dalam kitaran hddrologi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">(c) Gambara rajah kitaran hidrologi</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">TEMA 5 : SISTEM EKOLOGI<br />
<br />
1. ( a) Definisi aras trofik<br />
(b) Piramid makanan (rajah)<br />
(c) Siratan makanan di dalam sesuatu ekosistem<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
SELAMAT BERJAYA.....</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-49833772314735506332010-09-29T04:18:00.001-07:002010-09-29T04:18:56.329-07:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOC4wLJC_9grkKnL_MuXx0MutqU9vJLk2a6azecxjYaw7d6OKwM7rswv_BrCrgRea812W9QNigk11OUj6dmaUFh0wN-lccZ-JBh6_XualDe-i0wRv0Ia2rEc8wvKL4N2610aIWALk3H2E/s1600/image001.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOC4wLJC_9grkKnL_MuXx0MutqU9vJLk2a6azecxjYaw7d6OKwM7rswv_BrCrgRea812W9QNigk11OUj6dmaUFh0wN-lccZ-JBh6_XualDe-i0wRv0Ia2rEc8wvKL4N2610aIWALk3H2E/s320/image001.gif" width="245" /></a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-35997203872536748832010-08-15T04:16:00.000-07:002010-08-15T04:16:17.063-07:00MENGAPA air laut masin<div class="post-body entry-content" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 576px;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Semua jenis air termasuk air hujan, mengandungi kimia pelarut yang dipanggil garam. Tetapi bukan semua air mempunyai rasa masin. Para saintis menganggarkan bahawa laut mengandungi lebih kurang 50 kuadrilion ton bahan-bahan pelarut. Sekiranya garam di laut boleh dikeluarkan, ia dapat membentuk sebuah permukaan tanah yang besar daripada yang sedia ada. Permukaan garam itu nanti boleh mencapai ketebalan kira-kira 500 kaki dan ketinggian yang sama dengan bangunan yang mempunyai 40 tingkat.<br />
<br />
Air laut diklasifikasikan sebagai pepejal larut dalam cecair yang sangat lemah. Kebanyakan garam dalam laut wujud akibat proses pemecahan batu-batu igneus yang disebabkan oleh cuaca dan hakisan. Bahan-bahan mineral ini akan dibawa ke laut apabila hujan turun. Terdapat juga garam secara semulajadi di lantai laut akibat proses pereputan. Sumber-sumber lain adalah daripada sisa-sisa letupan gunung berapi.<br />
<br />
Sungai Mississipi, Amazon dan Yukon akan mengalir ke Teluk Mexico, lautan Atlantik dan Pasifik yang dipercayai mempunyai tahap kemasinan yang tinggi. Kenapa air laut tidak seperti air sungai? Tahap kemasinan laut adalah disebabkan beberapa pengaruh dan proses.<br />
<br />
Pada permulaannya laut tidaklah begitu masin tetapi apabila hujan pertama melanda dunia lebih kurang berjuta-juta tahun dahulu menyebabkan proses pemecahan batu-batan. Kemudian batu-batan ini terus diangkut ke sungai dan laut oleh aliran hujan dan menyebabkan tahap kemasinan air laut bertambah. Sungai yang mengalir dari Amerika Syarikat dipercayai membawa bahan-bahan pelarut sebanyak 225 juta tan ke dalam laut. Kiraan terbaru juga menunjukkan kira-kira enam tan dari Australia dan 120 tan dari Eropah yang mengalirkan bahan pelarut.<br />
<br />
Ini bermakna sungai akan membawa empat bilion tan garam pelarut ke dalam laut. Laut juga menerima jumlah garam pelarut yang sama daripada proses-proses semulajadi yang berlaku di dasarnya. Laut mengalami kekurangan bahan-bahan mineral. Tetapi laut akan sentiasa menerima bilangan input dan output secara seimbang.<br />
<br />
Para saintis telah menjalankan kajian ke atas air laut lebih berkurun lama dahulu, tetapi masih tidak memahami tentang kandungan bahan kimia yang terkandung dalam laut. Ini kemungkinan daripada kurangnya kaedah yang tepat dan prosedur untuk mengukur juzuk air laut. Masalah yang dihadapi oleh para saintis ialah saiz laut meliputi lebih 70% permukaan bumi. Manakala kandungan bahan kimia semulajadi air laut juga mempengaruhi juzuk air laut. Sebanyak 72 elemen kimia telah dijumpai dalam air laut, tetapi dalam bilangan yang kecil sahaja. Elemen-elemen ini bergabung dalam pelbagai bentuk unsur yang mudah larut di lantai lautan. Bahan yang mendap daripada larutan juga mempunyai kaitan dengan perubahan kemasinan laut.<br />
<br />
Ahli jurutera marin melaporkan tahap kemasinan dan larutan kimia dalam air laut terdiri daripada klorida, sodium dan magnesium. Tahap kemasinan diukur dengan simbol o/oo. Tahap kemasinan laut akan berubah mengikut peredaran masa dan mengambil masa yang lama. Fenomena ini disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor seperti pencairan ais, pengaliran air sungai, proses sejatan, hujan, salji, angin, arus ombak dan perubahan laut apabila berlaku pencampuran garam secara melintang dan menegak.<br />
<br />
Laut Merah dan Teluk Parsi mempunyai jumlah kemasinan yang paling tinggi kira-kira 40 o/oo, di mana kadar proses sejatannya amat tinggi. Lautan Atlantik Utara juga mempunyai tahap kemasinan yang agak tinggi kira-kira 37.9 o/oo. Antara bahagian yang paling masin di Atlantik Utara adlaah lautan Sargasso yang terletak di Pulau Canary. Laut Sargasso merupakan kawasan yang mempunyai rumpai laut terapung di permukaan laut dikenali sebagai “sargassum”. Laut ini mendapat nama sempena rumpai laut terapung itu. Tahap kemasinan laut Sargasso adalah berpunca daripada suhu air terlalu tinggi kira-kira 83F. Suhu tinggi akan menyebabkan kadar proses penyejatan yang tinggi kerana tidak ada aliran air biasa.<br />
<br />
Kemasinan paling rendah hanya terdapat di lautan Antartik dan Artik. Lautan Baltik pula mempunyai tahap kemasinan kira-kira 5 hingga 15 o/oo. Manakala tahap kemasinan Laut Hitam pula adalah lebih kurang 20 o/oo. Tahap kemasinan perairan Miami, Florida akan berubah daripada 34.8 o/oo pada bulan Oktober dan meningkat ke 36.4 o/oo pada bulan Mei dan Jun.<br />
<br />
Kadang-kadang air sungai akan mengalir dan bercampur dengan air laut. Ini ditunjukkan dalam pengumpulan data daripada kajian yang dijalankan di Sungai Columbia. Dengan menggunakan penyurih radioaktif, saintis daripada Universiti Oregon dapat mengesan jumlah aliran air sungai ke laut.<br />
<br />
KawSemua jenis air termasuk air hujan, mengandungi kimia pelarut yang dipanggil garam. Tetapi bukan semua air mempunyai rasa masin. Para saintis menganggarkan bahawa laut mengandungi lebih kurang 50 kuadrilion ton bahan-bahan pelarut. Sekiranya garam di laut boleh dikeluarkan, ia dapat membentuk sebuah permukaan tanah yang besar daripada yang sedia ada. Permukaan garam itu nanti boleh mencapai ketebalan kira-kira 500 kaki dan ketinggian yang sama dengan bangunan yang mempunyai 40 tingkat.</div><div class="post-body entry-content" style="line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 576px;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
Air laut diklasifikasikan sebagai pepejal larut dalam cecair yang sangat lemah. Kebanyakan garam dalam laut wujud akibat proses pemecahan batu-batu igneus yang disebabkan oleh cuaca dan hakisan. Bahan-bahan mineral ini akan dibawa ke laut apabila hujan turun. Terdapat juga garam secara semulajadi di lantai laut akibat proses pereputan. Sumber-sumber lain adalah daripada sisa-sisa letupan gunung berapi.<br />
<br />
Sungai Mississipi, Amazon dan Yukon akan mengalir ke Teluk Mexico, lautan Atlantik dan Pasifik yang dipercayai mempunyai tahap kemasinan yang tinggi. Kenapa air laut tidak seperti air sungai? Tahap kemasinan laut adalah disebabkan beberapa pengaruh dan proses.<br />
<br />
Pada permulaannya laut tidaklah begitu masin tetapi apabila hujan pertama melanda dunia lebih kurang berjuta-juta tahun dahulu menyebabkan proses pemecahan batu-batan. Kemudian batu-batan ini terus diangkut ke sungai dan laut oleh aliran hujan dan menyebabkan tahap kemasinan air laut bertambah. Sungai yang mengalir dari Amerika Syarikat dipercayai membawa bahan-bahan pelarut sebanyak 225 juta tan ke dalam laut. Kiraan terbaru juga menunjukkan kira-kira enam tan dari Australia dan 120 tan dari Eropah yang mengalirkan bahan pelarut.<br />
<br />
Ini bermakna sungai akan membawa empat bilion tan garam pelarut ke dalam laut. Laut juga menerima jumlah garam pelarut yang sama daripada proses-proses semulajadi yang berlaku di dasarnya. Laut mengalami kekurangan bahan-bahan mineral. Tetapi laut akan sentiasa menerima bilangan input dan output secara seimbang.<br />
<br />
Para saintis telah menjalankan kajian ke atas air laut lebih berkurun lama dahulu, tetapi masih tidak memahami tentang kandungan bahan kimia yang terkandung dalam laut. Ini kemungkinan daripada kurangnya kaedah yang tepat dan prosedur untuk mengukur juzuk air laut. Masalah yang dihadapi oleh para saintis ialah saiz laut meliputi lebih 70% permukaan bumi. Manakala kandungan bahan kimia semulajadi air laut juga mempengaruhi juzuk air laut. Sebanyak 72 elemen kimia telah dijumpai dalam air laut, tetapi dalam bilangan yang kecil sahaja. Elemen-elemen ini bergabung dalam pelbagai bentuk unsur yang mudah larut di lantai lautan. Bahan yang mendap daripada larutan juga mempunyai kaitan dengan perubahan kemasinan laut.<br />
<br />
Ahli jurutera marin melaporkan tahap kemasinan dan larutan kimia dalam air laut terdiri daripada klorida, sodium dan magnesium. Tahap kemasinan diukur dengan simbol o/oo. Tahap kemasinan laut akan berubah mengikut peredaran masa dan mengambil masa yang lama. Fenomena ini disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor seperti pencairan ais, pengaliran air sungai, proses sejatan, hujan, salji, angin, arus ombak dan perubahan laut apabila berlaku pencampuran garam secara melintang dan menegak.<br />
<br />
Laut Merah dan Teluk Parsi mempunyai jumlah kemasinan yang paling tinggi kira-kira 40 o/oo, di mana kadar proses sejatannya amat tinggi. Lautan Atlantik Utara juga mempunyai tahap kemasinan yang agak tinggi kira-kira 37.9 o/oo. Antara bahagian yang paling masin di Atlantik Utara adlaah lautan Sargasso yang terletak di Pulau Canary. Laut Sargasso merupakan kawasan yang mempunyai rumpai laut terapung di permukaan laut dikenali sebagai “sargassum”. Laut ini mendapat nama sempena rumpai laut terapung itu. Tahap kemasinan laut Sargasso adalah berpunca daripada suhu air terlalu tinggi kira-kira 83F. Suhu tinggi akan menyebabkan kadar proses penyejatan yang tinggi kerana tidak ada aliran air biasa.<br />
<br />
Kemasinan paling rendah hanya terdapat di lautan Antartik dan Artik. Lautan Baltik pula mempunyai tahap kemasinan kira-kira 5 hingga 15 o/oo. Manakala tahap kemasinan Laut Hitam pula adalah lebih kurang 20 o/oo. Tahap kemasinan perairan Miami, Florida akan berubah daripada 34.8 o/oo pada bulan Oktober dan meningkat ke 36.4 o/oo pada bulan Mei dan Jun.<br />
<br />
Kadang-kadang air sungai akan mengalir dan bercampur dengan air laut. Ini ditunjukkan dalam pengumpulan data daripada kajian yang dijalankan di Sungai Columbia. Dengan menggunakan penyurih radioaktif, saintis daripada Universiti Oregon dapat mengesan jumlah aliran air sungai ke laut.<br />
<br />
Kawasan perairan laut terbuka bebas daripada pengaruh permukaan tanah. Biasanya jumlah kandungan garam adalah kira-kira 33 o/oo hingga 38 o/oo. Purata tahap kemasinan air laut pula kira-kira 35 o/oo. Purata tahap kemasinan diperoleh pada tahun 1884 oleh William Di Eemar yang menjalankan kajian analisis kimia dengan mengambil 77 sampel air laut di seluruh bahagian dunia.<br />
<br />
Hidupan laut juga memainkan peranan penting dalam laut. Laut bukan sahaja agen garam tetapi juga bertindak sebagai pembekal bekalan gas oksigen kepada hidupan laut. Contohnya tiram, kerang, dan kepah mendapat kalsium daripada laut untuk membentuk rangka dan kulit. Hidupan laut seperti ketam, udang, udang kara dan tetirip memerlukan sejumlah besar garam galian untuk membina badan. Terumbu karang dibentuk dengan bantuan kalsium karbonat lebih kurang berjuta-juta tahun dahulu. Plankton juga memerlukan kandungan mineral laut untuk hidup dengan subur.</div><div style="clear: both;"></div></div><div class="post-footer" style="line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em;"><div class="post-footer-line post-footer-line-1"><span class="post-comment-link" style="padding-left: 0px;"></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/email-post.g?blogID=7125149678238611178&postID=2701910297076803165" style="text-decoration: none;" title="Email Post"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img alt="" class="icon-action" height="13" src="http://img1.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif" style="border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0.5em !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="18" /></span></a></span>asan perairan laut terbuka bebas daripada pengaruh permukaan tanah. Biasanya jumlah kandungan garam adalah kira-kira 33 o/oo hingga 38 o/oo. Purata tahap kemasinan air laut pula kira-kira 35 o/oo. Purata tahap kemasinan diperoleh pada tahun 1884 oleh William Di Eemar yang menjalankan kajian analisis kimia dengan mengambil 77 sampel air laut di seluruh bahagian dunia.<br />
<br />
Hidupan laut juga memainkan peranan penting dalam laut. Laut bukan sahaja agen garam tetapi juga bertindak sebagai pembekal bekalan gas oksigen kepada hidupan laut. Contohnya tiram, kerang, dan kepah mendapat kalsium daripada laut untuk membentuk rangka dan kulit. Hidupan laut seperti ketam, udang, udang kara dan tetirip memerlukan sejumlah besar garam galian untuk membina badan. Terumbu karang dibentuk dengan bantuan kalsium karbonat lebih kurang berjuta-juta tahun dahulu. Plankton juga memerlukan kandungan mineral laut untuk hidup dengan subur.</div><div style="clear: both;"></div></div><div class="post-footer" style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em;"><div class="post-footer-line post-footer-line-1"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="post-comment-link" style="padding-left: 0px;"></span></span><span class="post-icons"><span class="item-action"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/email-post.g?blogID=7125149678238611178&postID=2701910297076803165" style="text-decoration: none;" title="Email Post"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><img alt="" class="icon-action" height="13" src="http://img1.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif" style="border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0.5em !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;" width="18" /></span></a></span></span></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-19129751032387986752010-05-21T21:58:00.000-07:002010-05-21T21:58:21.046-07:00GEMPA BUMI<span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><strong>APAKAH YANG DIKATAKAN GEMPA BUMI</strong></span><br />
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Gempa Bumi sama seperti taufan bukan hanya satu tenaga yang besar tetapi masih menjadi misteri bagaimana untuk meramal dan menduga.<br />
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Bagai memahami paras kerosakan yang berkaitan dengan gempa bumi kita perlu melihat gempa yang berlaku sebelumnya.<br />
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Jika kita melihat kembali ke 27 Julai 1976 di Tangshan, China, satu gempa bumi besar yang menyebabkan 255,000 orang terkorban.<br />
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Dalam tragedi berkenaan dianggarkan 690,000 orang cedera serta bangunan hilang dalam sekelip mata.<br />
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Skala kemusnahan sukar digambarkan tetapi semua skala gempa bumi terus berlaku sepanjang masa.<br />
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<strong><span style="color: red;">Apakah yang menyebabkan gempa bumi?</span></strong> <br />
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Lapisan luar bumi diperbuat daripada lapisan nipis yang terbahagi kepada beberapa bahagian atau plat tektonik.<br />
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Hujung setiap plat tektonik adalah sempadan yang akan bergesel antara satu sama lain dan dalam tempoh masa tertentu tekanan yang bertambah akan menyebabkan gegaran atau gempa bumi.<br />
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Kekuatan gempa bumi diukur menggunakan mesin yang dinamakan seismograf. Mesin ini merekodkan gegaran dan saintis boleh mendapatkan ukuran kuasa gempa dalam skala ritcher.<br />
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Nombor 1 hingga 10 dan nombor 1 adalah gempa bumi kecil yang biasa berlaku setiap hari dan biasanya manusia tidak merasainya.<br />
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Nombor 7 hingga 10 adalah gempa bumi paling kuat yang berlaku dalam masa 10 hingga 20 tahun.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-15015324152390133432010-05-21T08:05:00.000-07:002010-05-21T08:05:55.169-07:00SIKLON TROPIKA<span style="color: red;">Maksud Sikon Tropika</span><br />
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Siklon Tropika adalah ribut ganas yang berputar dan berdiameter beberapa ratus kilometer yang terbentuk di perairan tropika. Melalui satelit, ia dilihat seperti satu sistem gegelung ketat penuh kuasa dengan jalur awannya melingkar keluar. Bagi siklon tropika matang, wujud satu kawasan di pusatnya dikenali mata yang udaranya secara relatif adalah tenang dengan sedikit awan. Kawasan ini dikenali sebagai mata bagi siklon tropika.<br />
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<span style="color: red;">Siklon Tropika Dikelaskan Seperti Berikut:</span><br />
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Lekukan Tropika</span> – satu sistem terdiri daripada awan dan ribut petir yang berputar dengan kelajuan angin maksimum 63kmpj<br />
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Taufan </span>– Satu sistem cuaca tropika hebat yang berputar dengan kelajuan angin maksimum 118kmpj atau lebih<br />
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<span style="color: #6aa84f;">Ribut Tropika</span> – Satu sistem ribut petir kuat yang berputar dengan kelajuan angin maksimum antara 64 – 117kmpj<br />
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<span style="color: red;">Bagaimana Siklon Tropika Terbentuk?</span><br />
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Siklon tropika terbentuk di kawasan lautan yang suhu permukaanya 26° C atau lebih. Di rantau Asia, siklon tropika lebih dikenali sebagai taufan. Ia terbebtuk semasa musim panas Hemisfera Utara di mana suhu di Lautan Pasifik adalah panas dan sesuai untuk aktiviti perolakan. Sistem tekanan rendah terbentukl di lautan tropika yang panas dan bergerak ke arah barat, ia mengembang daripada lekukan tropika membentuk ribut tropika dan akhirnya, menjadi taufan yang matang.<br />
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<span style="color: red;">Perkembangan lekukan tropika kepada taufan bergantung kepada tiga keadaan:</span><br />
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• Suhu tinggi di permukaan laut<br />
• Kelengasan<br />
• Corak angin berhampiran permukaan laut yang melingkarkan udara ke arah dalam<br />
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Semasa pembentukan siklon, haba dan tenaga terkumpul berhubungan dengan air laut yang panas. Haba dan kelengasan yang terhasil oleh penyejatan permukaan laut memberi tenaga kepada siklon seperti kuasa enjin haba raksasa. Jaluran ribut petir yang terbentuk membolehkan udara menjadi lebih panas dan naik meninggi di dalam atmosfera.<br />
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Mata siklon berdiameter antara 30 – 100 kilometer merupakan pusat tekanan rendah ribut tropika. Kawasan di mana berlakunya aktiviti paling aktif adalah di sekeliling mata, ia dikenali sebagai dinding mata. Di sini, udara melingkar ke arah atas dan ke arah luar dengan kelajuan yang meningkat. Sebahagian daripada udara bergerak ke arah dalam dan tenggelam ke dalam mata, membentuk kawasan bebas awan.<br />
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<span style="color: red;">Bilakah Taufan Biasanya Berlaku?</span><br />
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Taufan biasanya muncul di barat Pasifik Utara pada awal Mei, bilanganya bertambah dan mencapai maksimum di bulan September. Kebanyakan taufan terbentuk di kawasan latitud antara 5º U dan 20º U, dan longitud antara 130º T dan 170º T. Taufan biasanya bergerak menghala ke arah barat melintasi Filipina dan seterusnya melencong ke arah timur laut menuju daratan Asia.<br />
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<span style="color: red;">Apakah Taufan Memberi Kesan Kepada Malaysia?</span><br />
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Taufan jarang berlaku di selatan latitud 5º U. Di Malaysia tidak wujud landaan terus taufan. Akan tetapi, semasa perjalananya melintasi Filipina menuju Laut China Selatan, Malaysia menerima kesan ekor dalam bentuk angin kencang dan hujan ribut yang kerap melanda Sabah di Malaysia Timur. Kadang-kdang taufan yang berada di sekitar pantai vietnam juga memberikan kesan yang sama kepada negeri-negeri di barat laut Semenajung Malaysia.<br />
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Ribut tropika GREG yang melanda pantai barat Sabah pada malam 25 Disember 1996 dan ribut tropika Vamei yang melanda pantai tenggara Johor pada 27 Disember 2001 adalah dua kes pengecualian yang jarang sekali berlaku. Ribut yang bertiup pada kelajuan 70 kmpj itu telah memusnahkan rumah-rumah dan mengganas selama beberapa jam sebelum menjasi lemah.<br />
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<span style="color: red;">Bahaya Berkaitan Taufan</span><br />
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Luruan Ribut</span><br />
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Suatu kubah air yang besar, lebarnya antara 80 – 160km yang melanda pinggir pantai berhampiran tempat taufan bertemu daratan. Taufan yang kuat dan perairan yang cetek akan menghasilkan luruan yang lebih tinggi. Luruan ribut mengancam nyawa dan harta benda terutamanya di kawasan pantai.<br />
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Hujan Lebat</span><br />
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Hujan mencurah-curah menyeluruh, boleh menyebabkan banjir yang memusnahkan.<br />
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<span style="color: #6aa84f;">Angin Kencang</span><br />
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Daya angin taufan boleh memusnahkan bangunan dan struktur binaan yng tidak kukuh. Serpihan runtuhan akan berterbangan dalam taufan. Langkisau kuat boleh menumbangkan pokok dan memutuskan talian elektrik yang boleh menyebabkab gangguan besarAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-19386131167760554252010-05-21T08:01:00.000-07:002010-05-21T08:02:02.293-07:00KEJADIAN BANJIR<strong><span style="color: red;">Faktor-Faktor Berlaku Banjir</span></strong><br />
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Banjir berlaku disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor. Antara faktor-faktor berlaku banjir adalah:-<br />
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<span style="color: #6aa84f;">1.Hujan yang berterusan.</span> <br />
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Hujan yang berterusan tanpa berhenti-henti akan menyebabkan banjir berlaku. Di kawasan-kawasan rendah, air hujan akan dialirkan ke sungai. Sungai yang dipenuhi air akan melimpah keluar sehingga menyebabkan kawasan tanah rendah dipenuhi air.<br />
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<span style="color: #38761d;">2.Proses pembandaran.</span> <br />
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Proses pembandaran menyebabkan banyak kawasan yang dipermodenkan. Kawasan-kawasan tanah rendah telah ditebus guna dengan mengambil tanah dari kawasan bukit. Ada juga anak-anak sungai yang ditimbus untuk dijadikan tapak bangunan.Aktiviti-aktiviti seperti ini merupakan faktor penyebab berlakunya banjir. Jika dahulu anak-anak sungai dan lembah dijadikan kawasan aliran air, kini kawasan tersebut telah ditimbus dengan tanah. Apabila hujan turun, air akan mengalir dari kawasan bukit ke kawasan yang rendah dan kemudian bertakung. Lama-kelamaan air akan bertambah dan banjir kilat akan berlaku.<br />
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<span style="color: #38761d;">3.Hakisan sungai.</span> <br />
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Hakisan sungai yang kerap berlaku disebabkan oleh dua faktor iaitu hakisan berlaku secara semula jadi dan pembuangan sisa domestik manusia. Faktor semula jadi berlaku apabila hujan turun dengan lebat, air akan mengalir deras and menghakis tebing-tebing sungai. Akhirnya tanah tebing akan runtuh dan membentuk satu mendapan di dasar sungai. Seterusnya sungai akan menjadi cetek. Begitu juga dengan aktiviti manusia yang suka membuang sisa-sisa domestik seperti sampah-sarap dan sisa-sisa industri ke dalam sungai boleh menyebabkan sungai menjadi cetek dan pengaliran air tersekat. Apabila hujan lebat turun, sungai yang telah menjadi cetek akibat hakisan semula jadi atau pencemaran tidak dapat menampung atau megalirkan air hujan yang banyak. Akhirnya air sungai akan melimpah ke tebing dan dengan ini banjir akan berlaku.<br />
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<span style="color: #38761d;">4.Hutan tadahan.</span> <br />
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Hutan merupakan satu kawasan yang menempatkan pelbagai jenis tumbuhan dan haiwan. Selain itu hutan juga boleh dijadikan sebagai pengimbang ekosistem dunia dengan merendahkan kadar suhu. Hutan menyerap air hujan yang turun ke permukaan bumi dengan kadar antara dua peratus hingga 20%. Kemudian air yang diserap akan dialirkan ke anak-anak pokok melalui akar. Ada juga proses pemeluwapan dilakukan dengan membebaskan semula titisan-titisan air ke udara. Dengan ini berlaku kitaran air secara semula jadi.<br />
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<span style="color: #38761d;">5.Pemusnahan hutan</span> menyebabkan hujan terus turun ke bumi tanpa diserap oleh tumbuhan. Hujan yang turun dengan lebat menyebabkan air mengalir dengan banyak ke dalam sungai. Sungai tidak mendapat menampung air hujan dalam jumlah yang banyak. Pada masa ini limpahan air sungai akan berlaku mengakibatkan banjir.<br />
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<span style="color: #38761d;">6.Sistem perparitan tidak terancang.</span> <br />
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Masalah banjir yang sering melanda bandar adalah disebabkan kekurangan sistem perparitan yang dibina serta ianya terlalu kecil dan cetek. Jumlah air yang banyak menyebabkan air melimpah keluar dari parit menyebabkan banjir kilat berlaku.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-344229457846353322010-05-21T07:57:00.000-07:002010-05-21T07:58:04.312-07:00TSUNAMI<strong><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Apa Itu Tsunami?</span></strong><br />
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Tsunami adalah satu perkataan Jepun yang bermaksud ‘ombak laut pelauhan’. Tsunami merupakan perkataan dari bahasa Jepun yang membawa erti "ombak pelabuhan". Dalam bahasa Inggeris, gelombang tsunami dikenali sebagai ombak pasang surut (Tidal wave). Gelombang tsunami sebenarnya merujuk kepada ombak besar yang membawa kemusnahan kepada bangunan tepi pantai.<br />
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Tsunami merupakan ombak besar yang disebabkan oleh kejadian gempa bumi yang terjadi di dasar laut. Tanah runtuh, ledakan gunung berapi, letupan dan juga hentaman bahan kosmik seperti meteorit juga boleh menghasilkan tsunami. Ombak ini bergerak dengan laju beberapa ratus kilometer sejam dan dalam perjalanannya akan menaikkan dan menurunkan paras air laut.<br />
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Dalam lautan yang dalam, gelombang tsunami mempunyai amplitud ketinggiannya hanya beberapa sentimeter atau kurang sahaja. Oleh kerana jarak dari puncak ke puncak adalah ratusan batu, pergerakan turun naik tidak dapat dilihat dan dirasai oleh kapal yang belayar diatasnya dan mungkin tidak menyedari kejadiaanya.<br />
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Apabila gelombang tsunami tiba di kawasan lautan yang kedalamannya makin mengurang, halajunya akan turut menjadi kurang. Apabila gelombang ini sampai ke kawasan pantai, hanya satu cara untuk mengabadikan tenaganya adalah dengan menambahkan ketinggian ombak.<br />
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Bagi penduduk Malaysia, kita beruntung disebabkan kita berada jauh daripada kawasan gunung berapi. Malaysia tidak terdedah kepada ancaman bencana alam gunung berapi dan bencana alam yang seiring dengannya seperti gelombang tsunami, bagaimanapun kita perlu tahu mengenai bencana alam memahami bumi dan alam sekitar kita.<br />
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Di Indonesia, Pulau Jawa, pantai yang sering dilanda tsunami adalah pantai selatan Jawa Barat, Pantai Selatan Cilacap dan Pantai Selatan Jawa Timur. Sejak tahun 1990, Indonesia mencatat 15 kali bencana alam dilanda tsunami yang berlaku di sepanjang zone-mendak serta zone aktif seismik.<br />
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<strong><span style="color: red;">Punca Tsunami</span></strong><br />
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Ombak laut kebiasaannya di sebabkan oleh pergerakan angin yang menghasilkan ombak yang menghempas ke pantai. tetapi gelombang tsunami merupakan gelombang laut yang teramat kuat yang terhasil oleh letupan gunung berapi, tanah runtuh bawah laut, gempa bumi, dan hentaman oleh asteroid atau komet pada permukaan laut.<br />
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Gelombang tsunami mampu bergerak sejauh seribu batu merentasi lautan dan masih mampu menghancurkan bandar berhampiran laut, memusnahkan dan mengakibatkan kehilangan nyawa yang tidak terkira jumlahnya. Gelombang tsunami yang menyebabkan kehilangan jiwa paling ramai direkodkan berlaku selepas letupan gunung berapi Krakatoa pada tahun 1883. Dianggarkan seramai 36,000 people mati disebabkan letupan tersebut yang menghasilkan ombak setinggi 12 tingkat bangunan. Kebanyakannya disebabkan oleh ombak tsunami yang melanda perkampungan persisiran pantai, sejauh sehingga 120 kilometer dari gunung berapi Krakatoa di Selat Sunda Indonesia.<br />
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Selain itu jiwa yang terkorban akibat tsunami di Indonesia adalah seperti berikut, 19 Ogos 1977 tsunami di daerah Sumba mengorbankan seramai 189 nyawa. 12 Disember 1992 di daerah Flores, gelombang tsunami mengorbankan 2,100 nyawa dan pada 3 Jun 1994 bencana tsunami melandaa daerah Banyuwangi mengorbankan seramai 208 orang.<br />
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<span style="color: red;">Bagaimana Tsunami Terhasil</span><br />
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Punca utama gelombang tsunami adalah pergerakan muka bumi dasar laut yang berpunca daripada gempa bumi dasar laut. Gempa bumi tsunami berlaku pada zon terbenam "subduction zones" di mana kepingan kerak bumi atau "lithosphere" yang dikenali sebagai plak tetonik bertembung sesama sendiri menyebabkan satu daripadanya terbenam di bawah yang satu lagi. Terdapat zon terbenam "subduction zones" di pinggir negara Chile, Nicaragua, Mexico, dan Indonesia yang mencetuskan tsunamis pembunuh dalam tempoh 100 tahun lalu. Di lautan Pasifik, terdapat rekod 17 tsunami dari tahun 1992 sehingga 1996 yang bertanggungjawab mengakibatkan kehilangan 1,700 nyawa. Negara Indonesia terdedah kepada bencana alam disebabkan kedudukannya yang merupakan pertembungan 3 plat tetonik, iaitu kepingan Euro-Asia, kepingan Indo-Australia dan kepingan Pasifik. Selain ketiga kepingan yang besar itu, Indonesia juga menjadi pertemuan plak tetonik dengan skala kecil seperti kepingan Filipina.<br />
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Apabila kepingan kerak bumi terbenam kedasar, pergerakannya bergerak tersekat-sekat - melekat sekejab sebelum tergelincir. Apabila ia terlekat pada tebing benua, tekanan terhasil. Apabila kawasan yang terlekat terbebas, sebahagian daripada dasar laut mungkin melantun naik seperti papan anjal, ketika tekanan terbebas; sementara bahagian lain mungkin tenggelam. Seketika selepas gempa bumi, air yang tertolak membentuk gelombang dan tsunami pun terhasil.<br />
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Zon terbenam "subduction zones" terdapat di seluruh dunia, tetapi lokasi yang paling dikenali adalah di sepanjang lingkaran Cincin Api Pasifik. "Pacific Ring of Fire". Lingkaran Cincin Api Pasifik merupakan sempadan pertembungan antara dua plak tetonik. Lingkaran Cincin Api Pasifik terletak sepanjang pantai barat Tengah dan Selatan Amerika, Jepun, dan Filipina, merentasi New Zealand, ke lautan Atlantik. Gunung berapi juga wujud di tengah laut sepanjang rabung laut. Rabung Tengah Atlantik merupakan contoh gunung berapi dasar laut. Apabila gunung berapi dasar laut ini meletus, ia mampu menghasilkan gelombang tsunami.<br />
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Dalam lautan lepas, gelombang tsunami mencecah kelajuan 500 batu sejam, selaju jet penumpang. Tetapi di lautan lepas, gelombang tsunami itu tidak dapat dibezakan dengan ombak biasa. Di lautan dalam, ombak tersebar dan merunduk, dengan jarak beratus batu antara puncak ombak yang hanya kelihatan beberapa kaki tinggi. Tetapi sebenarnya, puncak gelombang tsunami hanyalah hujung jisim air menggunung yang bergerak. Berbeza dengan ombak yang disebabkan oleh angin yang berkesan pada lapisan atas air, gelombang tsunami terbenam sehingga beribu kaki di dalam laut.<br />
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Oleh kerana pergerakan ombak begitu kuat, dan sifat pedam air, gelombang tsunami mampu bergerak beribu batu dan kehilangan hanya sedikit tenaga. Sebagai contoh, gelombang tsunami yang disebabkan oleh gempa bumi di persisiran Chili pada tahun 1960 menghasilkan gelombang tsunami yang mempunyai cukup tenaga untuk membunuh 150 di Jepus setelah bergerak selama 22 jam sejauh 10,000 batu. Gelombang tsunami tersebut kemudiannya berulang-alik menyeberangi lautan selama beberapa hari.<br />
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Apabila gelombang tsunami sampai kepantai, ia menjadi perlahan disebabkan dasar laut menjadi cetek, dan kehilangan laju ini diiringi oleh peningkatan dalam ketinggian ombak. Ombak tersebut terhimpit antara satu sama lain seperti akordian dan meningkat naik. Bergantung kepada jenis punca gelombang tsunami itu, gelombang tsunami boleh menyebabkan air laut surut menyebabkan ikan tertinggal di dasar lautan. Ini menarik orang ramai untuk berkumpul melihat keadaan ini sebelum gelombang tsunami menghentam menyebabkan kematian mereka.<br />
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Gelombang tsunami juga mampu melanda dengan tiba-tiba tanpa sebarang amaran. Gelombang tsunami yang melanda tidak bergulong dikemuncak seperti ombak biasa. Mereka yang terselamat menggambarkan gelombang tsunami sebagai dinding air yang gelap. Ombak gergasi tsunami yang terdiri daripada jisim air yang menggunung ini akan menghentam ke pantai dan menenggeamkan kawasan persisiran, menumbangkan pokok seperti ranting kering, merobohkan tembok batu, dan rumah api, dan memusnahkan bangunan seperti bangunan permainan.<br />
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Bentuk permukaan dasar laut seperti berbentuk parit, dan persisiran pantai memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan jenis glombang tsunami yang terhasil, kadang kala dengan keputusan yang mengejut dan merbahayakan Pada tahun 1993, satu glombang tsunami menghentam bandar, di Jepun, ombak purata setinggi 15 hingga 20 meter (50 - 65 kaki). Tetapi pada suatu tempat, ombah tertumpu oleh bentuk 'V' memampatkan ombak dalam ruang yang semakin sempit dan akhirnya menghasilkan gelombang tsunami setinggi 32 meter (90 kaki) dari aras laut, setinggi bangunan 8 tingkat.<br />
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<span style="color: red;">Bagaimana Gempa Bumi Boleh Menghasilkan Tsunami?</span><br />
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Gempa bumi merupakan salah satu sebab utama yang biasanya menghasilkan tsunami. Tsunami akan terhasil apabila dasar lautan dengan tiba-tiba berubah kedudukan yang akan menyebabkan air berkocak kuat. Gempa bumi tektonik adalah gempa bumi yang biasanya akan menyebabkan kecacatan atau perubahan pada kerak bumi; apabila gempa bumi terjadi di dasar lautan, air yang berada dikawasan kejadian akan berubah dari kedudukan keseimbangannya.<br />
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Gelombang akan terhasil dari perubahan jisim air, yang bertindak dibawah pengaruh graviti yang cuba untuk mengembalikan keseimbangan kedudukannya. Apabila kawasan dasar laut yang berubah kedudukan (terangkat atau turun) adalah luas, tsunami akan terhasil. Gelombang yang terhasil dapat bergerak dengan pantas.<br />
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<span style="color: red;">Langkah Berjaga-Jaga</span><br />
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Pada masa kini tidak terdapat banyak yang dapat dibuat oleh mereka yang berhadapan dengan gelombang tsunami. Di kepulauan Jepun, kerajaan telah membina benteng dipersisiran pantai untuk menahan bandar dari bahaya gelombang tsunami, tetapi bagi orang perseorangan, tidak banyak yang dapat dibuat oleh mereke kecuali mengosongkan kawasan yang dijangka akan dilanda tsunami.<br />
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Penduduk dipersisiran pantai dikawasan yang sering menghadapi tsunami juga perlu pergi kearah tanah tinggi apabila berlaku gempa bumi atau letusan gunung berapi bagi yang tinggal berhampiran gunung berapi. Mereka juga perlu mengelakkan dari pergi ke arah pantai sekiranya berlaku tanda-tanda awal tsunami seperti air yang surut secara tiba-tiba.<br />
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Tsunami juga mampu melanda beberapa kali, oleh itu adalah tidak digalakkan untuk pergi ke kawasan pantai untuk melihat kerosakan selepas ombak tsunami pertama melanda. Ini adalah untuk mengelakkan dilanda ombak tsunami yang berikutnya.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-75207329295533355292010-05-21T07:55:00.000-07:002010-05-21T07:55:40.651-07:00JEREBU<span style="color: lime; font-size: large;"><strong>Apakah Itu Jerebu?</strong></span><br />
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Jerebu disebabkan oleh zarah terampai di dalam atmosfera. Pada kepekatan yang tingg, zarah ini terserak dan menyerap cahaya matahari menyebabkan ketampakan mengufuk mengurang serta menjadikan atmosfera kelihatan pendar baiduri.<br />
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Jerebu tidak hanya terbatas di kawasan bandar tetapi juga di luar bandar. Zarah yang menyebabkan fenomena jerebu berasal daripada pelbagai sumber yang terhasil secara semulajadi atau aktiviti manusia.<br />
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Zarah-zarah terhasil daripada aktiviti manusia seperti:<br />
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Pembakaran terbuka<br />
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Pembukaan tanah<br />
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Penggunaan kenderaan bermotor<br />
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Pembakaran bahan api industri<br />
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<span style="color: red;">Jerebu di Malaysia</span> <br />
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Di kawasan tropika , angin biasanya bertiup perlahan. Bagi tempoh tertentu terutamanya semasa monsun barat daya, keadaan atmosfera sangat stabil dimana pergerakan udara mengufuk dan menegak berkurangan. Dalam keadaan ini, pembentukan awam adalah tidak aktif dan menyebabkan cuaca menjadi kering.<br />
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<span style="color: red;">Faktor-faktor yang membantu pembentukan jerebu:</span><br />
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Tempoh cuaca kering yang panjang<br />
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Keadaan atmosfera yang stabil<br />
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Sumber pencemaran yang pelbagai<br />
Zarah-zarah yang bebas di atmosfera akan terperangkap dalam jisim udara yang terapung dan meningkatkan kepekatannya yang menyebabkan keadaan atmosfera berjerebu. Di Semenanjung Malaysia, keadaan berjerebu biasanya berlaku dari bulan Januari ke Februari dan Jun ke Ogos. Sebaliknya, semasa Monsun Timur Laut, angin lengas timur laut bertiup kuat dari Laut China Selatan mempunyai kelembapan tinggi sering membawa hujan di daratan, oleh itujerebu jarang kelihatan.<br />
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<strong><span style="color: red;">Bagaimana Jerebu Menghilang?</span></strong><br />
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Dalam keadaan atmosfera yang berubah-ubah, terdapat hari yang berjerebu dan cerah. Apakah yang menyebabkan perubahan ini? Bila keadaan berjerebu, zarah-zarah di atmosfera disingkirkan melalui beberapa proses iaitu:<br />
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Pemendapan – zarah yang lebih berat mendap ke bumi melalui pemendapan graviti.<br />
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Basuhan hujan (rainout) – pemeluwapan wap ke atas zarah membentuk titis air yang akhirnya menghasilakan awan.<br />
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Cucian (washout) – zarah disingkirkan melalui pelanggaran dan pencantuman dengan titisan hujan.<br />
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Pergolakan – zarah jerebu di paras atmosfera tinggi lebih senang terserak dan tersebar. Hujan lebat atau ribut petir yang menyeluruh dengan arus menaik dan menurun yang kuat boleh menyingkirkan jerebu dengan berkesan.<br />
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Tempoh hujan renyai yang singkat biasanya tidak berkesan dalam menghilangkan jerebu teruk.<br />
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<strong><span style="color: red;">Adakah Jerebu Berbahaya?</span></strong><br />
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Jerebu berasal daripada sumber semulajadi seperti garam laut dan tanah adalah tidak memudharatkan manusia. Jerebu nipis dan sementara yang wujud di kebanyakan bandar tidak memberi kesan serius pada kesihatan jangka panjang penduduk. Namun, episod jerebu yang teruk boleh membahayakan kesihatan. Kejadian terdahulu melaporkan peningkatan kejadian iritasi mata dan kerongkong serta kesukaran bernafas kepada mereka yang sensitif.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6344033336047723049.post-4597706700168696752010-05-21T07:50:00.001-07:002010-05-21T07:50:44.758-07:00KEPENTINGAN LAPISAN OZON<strong><span style="background-color: lime; color: black;">Kenapa Lapisan Ozon Penting ?</span></strong><br />
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Selain mengawal peredaran suhu di dalam atmosfera, lapisan ozon juga sebenarnya mempunyai kepentingan menyerap radiasi sinaran ultra ungu (UV) yang tinggi daripada matahari sebelum sampai ke permukaan bumi.<br />
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Ini kerana, pancaran berbentuk UV spektrum ini sebenarnya mempunyai jarak gelombang yang lebih pendek daripada cahaya nyata atau cahaya nampak iaitu di antara 280 hingga 315 nanometer (nm) boleh merosakan hampir semua kehidupan. <br />
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Kajian saintis mendapati, ketika ini lapisan ozon semakin mengalami kerosakan dan menipis kesan penggunaan gas klorofluorokarbon (CFC) secara tidak terkawal.<br />
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Gas CFC boleh terhasil daripada pelbagai cara seperti penggunaan peti sejuk, bahan peyembur, bahan pelarut, produk berasaskan polisterin dan juga perindustrian perkilangan.<br />
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Masalah penipisan lapisan ozon yang semakin meruncing ini telah mendapat perhatian daripada banyak pihak terutamanya persatuan Program Alam Sekitar Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (UNEP)<br />
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Selain itu, penduduk dunia juga kini telah mula memandang serius masalah tersebut dan cuba mencari jalan penyelesaian terbaik dalam usaha memastikan generasi masa depan dapat mewarisi alam sekitar yang selamat.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18187449617034027308noreply@blogger.com0